Page:A Grammar of the Telugu language.djvu/43

Rh tion, direction, section. Thus అక్షం axam the eye. Elsewhere it is sounded like చ​ cha. Thus సూక్ష్మమ్, సాక్షి, సాక్ష్యం sooxmam, fine sāxi, a witness and saxyam, testimony, are sounded nearly as sooch-mam, sarchee, sarch-yam. The letter x is in Spanish pronounced like sh. Thus Texiera and Xeres are sounded Tesshira and Sheres.

It has already been stated that the circle or cipher ం called sunna is used as a substitute for any nasal letter. But it is wrong to place it in conjugation with న N or మ​ M.

Thus the words anna elder brother and tammudu younger brother should be written అన్న​, తమ్ముడు Some persons write అంన​ తంముడు or even అంన్న​, అంమ్ముడు but these modes are disapproved. In the latter, which is in general use, the N and M are needlessly tripled.

In some particular words the sunna is inserted when required by rule. Thus తమ్ముడు tammudu may become తమ్మండు tammundu. The ం thus inserted is called ఆదేశసున్న​ ādēsa sunna.

When sunna is followed by a consonant of the first four classes (varga) it is N; but the remaining letters (P, Ph, B, Bh, M, Y, R, L, V, S, Sh, S, H, X) sound it as M and it likewise is M whenever it stands at the end of a word. Thus the word Sanscrit సంస్కృతం is pronounced Sams-cru-tam. The words సంవాదం conversation సంయోగం juncture సంశయం doubt are in like manner pronounced sam-vadam, sam-yogam (or, sayyōgam) and sam-sa-yam.