Page:A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, Volume 1 (1903).djvu/18



Aleph, the first letter of the alphabet, interchanging with other gutturals, e.g., , , ; , &c.

often used to form second roots of verbs, e. g. ,.

frequ. prosthetic, e. g., , v..

sometimes inserted to replace a radical, as =, esp. in verbs, as fr. ,  fr. &c.

frequ. (in Talm. Y.) dropped in the beginning of words, e. g. = ; =.

affixed to the end of Chald. nouns, corresponding to prefixed in Hebrew (status emphaticus), e. g. =.

as numeral letter, one, as = one letter. Sabb. 104$a$; a.fr. [Editions and Mss. vary, according to space, between the full numeral and the numeral letter, for, ;  for , ,  &c.]

&c. a prefix, 1) for the formation of nouns in Kal, Peel, Afel (Hifil) &c., e. g., , , &c; 2) demonstrative, e. g. =h. ;, &c.—3) euphonic (prosthetic) =; =h.  &c, esp. before foreign words beginning with two consonants, e. g. , = &c.

a prefix (followed by Dagesh Forté)= upon, over, e. g. =; even before gutturals, e. g..

plur. of q. v.

a fictitious word made up of each third letter in. (Dan. V, 25). Snh. 22$a$; Cant. R. to. III, the inscription on the wall was so arranged as to form words composed of its every first, every second and every third letter respectively.

v..

a prefix of words of Greek origin answering to, au-, e. g. =; or to , e. g. =.

(Assyr. A-bu, Schr. K. A. T., p. 247) Aḅ, the fifth month of the Jewish calendar (of thirty days) beginning between the eighth of July and the seventh of August, and ending between the sixth of August and the fifth of September. R. Hash. I, 3, for announcing the beginning of Ab messengers are sent out, for the sake of the fast. Ib. 18$b$ the ninth of Ab, anniversary of Temple destruction. Taan. IV, 6 with the beginning of Ab. Ib. 29$b$ let him try to be relieved of (the law-suit) in Ab. Meg.5$b$; a.e.

m. (b. h.;, cmp. ), const. , [embracer], father, ancestor, progenitor; teacher; chief, leader; author, originator. Ex. R. s. 46 end the educator is the real father. Lev. R. s. 1, the father of all wisdom,. . the father of prophets. Y. Ned. V, 39$b$; a. fr.— (abbr. ) president of the Court (Great Sanhedrin), next in dignity to the Nassi. Taan. II, 1; a. fr.—Metaph. origin, cause. Num. R. s. 10 (play on, Prov. XXIII, 29) the cause of woe (sin).— (for which also ) one of the chief labors forbidden on the Sabbath, opp. a labor the prohibition of which is based on the ground of its being a species of the former, or derived from the former. Sabb. VII, 1 sq.; a. fr.—[Y. Sabb. II, 5$a$,, sub. .]— one of the original or direct causes of levitical uncleanness, opp. (child) secondary cause. Toh. I, 5 ; a. fr.— v. Pl.— creation of a class, i. e. a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in the bibl. law on all similar cases not specified in detail. Sifra introd.—Ib. K'doshim, end, ch. 11 (ref. to Lev. XX, 27) this forms the rule for all cases in which the Bible uses the word d'mēhem bam (that the penalty is stoning to death); a. fr.; v. also —Pl. , const. , 1) fathers, ancestors, patriarchs &c. Ber. 26$b$ prayers have been instituted by the Patriarchs; a. fr.—, v. supra. Ḥag. II,  a woman of noble descent. Num. R. s. 1; a. e.—Metaph. principal, chief, v. supra.  Kel. I, 1; v. supra.— (sing. ) the chief actionable injuries or damages, from which the subordinate are deduced . B. Kam. I, 1; a. e.—2) Aboth, the first section of the Prayer of Benedictions (v. ), so called because it alludes to the Patriarchs.