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in which the minor seventh, arrived at in the manner usual at that time, is seen at (a); and the modified seventh in which the bass is sharpened so as to produce a diminished seventh appears at (b). [ C. H. H. P. ]

HAROLD EN ITALIE. The last sentence but one is to be corrected, as the first performance of the work in England took place at Drury Lane Theatre in the winter of 1847–48, when Berlioz conducted and Hill played the viola part.

HARP. P. 686a, l. 30–34. The Lamont harp carried 32 strings. The Queen Mary harp had originally 29, and a later addition made 30 in all.

Add the following notice of an innovation in harp manufacture:—The difficulties attending performance of the harp, the constant tuning necessitated by the use of catgut strings, and the absence of any means of damping the sounds, have induced M. Dietz, of Brussels, to invent a harp-like instrument with a chromatic keyboard, which he has named the Claviharp. It has been introduced into England through the advocacy of Mr. W. H. Cummings, but the introduction (1888) is too recent to admit of a just comparison being made between this instrument and the ordinary double-action harp. It is sufficient to say that the action of the Claviharp is highly ingenious, the strings being excited mechanically much in the same way as the strings of the harp are excited by the player's fingers. There are two pedals—one being like the pianoforte damper pedal and the other producing the harmonics of the octave. The Claviharp is of pleasing appearance. [ A. J. H. ]

HARP-LUTE. See ../Dital Harp, vol. i.

HARPSICHORD. P. 688a, l. 6 from bottom, for spinetto read spinetta. P. 688b, l. 10, The Correr upright spinet or clavicytherium that was in the Music Loan Collection at Kensington, 1885, now the property of Mr. G. Donaldson of London, is perhaps the oldest instrument of the harpsichord and spinet kind in existence. This instrument preserves traces of brass plectra, not leather. See ../Spinet vol. iii. p. 651a, footnote. P. 688b, l. 3 from bottom, add that hammered music wire existed but could not have been extensively used. P. 689a, l. 27, Respecting upright harpsichords, see ../Upright Grand Piano, vol. iv. p. 208b, l. 1–19. Line 26 from bottom, for 1555 read 1521. Line 23 from bottom, For the oldest known harpsichord see ../Spinet vol. iii. p. 652a, footnote. The second harpsichord mentioned in the footnote, now (1888) belonging to Mr. Hwfa Williams, is not nearly so old as the South Kensington instrument, the date of it being 1626 (not 1526). A restorer has unfortunately altered the interesting long measure keyboard which it lately retained, to the modern chromatic arrangement of the lowest octave. P. 690b, l. 18 from bottom, correct statement as to the Venetian swell being an adaptation from the organ, by ../Shudi, vol. iii. p. 489b, l. 37–45. P. 691a, l. 4, The number of existing Ruckers harpsichords and spinets catalogued by the present writer is (1888) 68. Line 14, Both the Shudi harpsichords at Potsdam are dated 1766. See ../Shudi, vol. iii. p. 489b, l. 9–27. Line 35, for the number of Shudi and Broadwood harpsichords existing, see ../Shudi, vol. iii. p. 489b, l. 46–7; and p. 490, list of Shudi and Shudi & Broadwood harpsichords. The latest instrument by these makers now (1888) known to exist is numbered 1137 and dated 1790. [ A. J. H. ]

HARRIS,. For reference at end of first paragraph read [].

HARTMANN. A family of German origin who have lived in Copenhagen for some four generations. (1726–1793) was a violinist and composer, who after holding several musical posts at Breslau and Rudolstadt became capellmeister to the Duke of Ploen, and went with him to Copenhagen. Here he wrote much music, now completely forgotten, with the exception of the song 'Kong Christian,' which first appeared in an opera 'Der Fischer,' and has since been adopted as the Danish National Hymn. He died in 1791. His son,

, born 1775, held the post of organist to the Garrison Church in Copenhagen from 1800 to 1850, and was the father of

, born May 14, 1805, who has for many years held a high place among Danish composers. His opera 'Ravnen' (The Raven), to words by H. C. Andersen, was produced Oct. 29, 1832. It was followed by 'Die Corsaren' on April 23, 1835, and 'Liden Kirsten' ('Little Christie'), on May 12, 1846. Besides these he has written much for the theatre in the way of incidental music, etc., as well as choral works, songs, a symphony in G minor, dedicated to Spohr, and many piano pieces, mentioned in vol. ii. p. 729b. His son,

, born Feb. 21, 1836, studied with his father and with N. W. Gade, his brother-in-law, held between 1861 and 1873 various appointments as organist, but on account of weak health has since that time devoted himself entirely to composition. Among his works, which have obtained great success both in Denmark and Germany, may be mentioned the operas: 'Die Erlenmädchen,' 'Die Nixe,' and 'Die Korsikaner'; a ballet 'Fjeldstuen'; 'Nordische Volkstänze' (op. 18), a symphony in E&#x266d; (op. 29), an overture 'Ein nordische Heerfahrt' (op. 25), a choral cantata 'Winter and Spring' (op. 13), concertos for violin and violoncello, a serenade