Page:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians vol 4.djvu/595

CAPOUL. operas of Massé and D'Ivry, June 1, '78, and May 24, '79, and Camoens on the production of Flotow's 'Alma l'Incantatrice,' July 9, '78. He has also sung in Italian opera in Vienna, and in America with Nilsson, where he has also been '79–'80 as principal tenor of the French Opera Bouffe company. On Dec. 18, '81, he played at the Renaissance on the production of 'Le Saïs' (Mme. Marguérite Olagnier), and on June 8, '87, took part in the concert given at the Trocadéro for the benefit of the sufferers in the Opéra Comique fire. [ A. C. ]

CARADORI-ALLAN. Add that she sang in the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven on its production at the Philharmonic, March 21, 1825.

CARAFA. Correct date of birth to Nov. 17, 1787. P. 308 b, l. 6, add date of 'La Violette,' Oct. 1828. Line 21, for a post which he was still filling in 1876, read where he died, July 26, 1872.

CAREY, HENRY. P. 309 b, l. 19, for Nov. read October. P. 310 a, l. 5, for date of first publication of his poems read 1713. Line 14, for 1739–40 read 1737. P. 310 b, l. 6, add dates of George Savile Carey, 1743–1807. 

CARILLON. P. 311 a, l. 34, for Louvain (35 bells) read Louvain (two carillons of 40 and 41 bells respectively). Correct note below the same column by adding that Aerschodt made the 33 bells for Cattistock Church, the machinery only being supplied by Gillet and Bland. See also A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Chimes in Appendix.

CARISSIMI. Line 13 of article, for in read Jan. 12.

CARLTON,. Add that he was at Clare College, Cambridge, and took the degree of B.A. in 1577. Soon after his ordination he obtained an appointment at Norwich Cathedral. In Oct. 1612 he was presented by Thomas Thursby to the rectory of Bawsey (sic) and Glosthorp. 

CARMAN'S WHISTLE. The first line of the musical example on p. 316 a, is an introduction to the tune proper. In bar 3 of the first line, for G, F, read A, G.

CARMEN. Opera comique in four acts; words by Meilhac and Halévy (founded on Prosper Merimée's story with the same title), music by Georges Bizet. Produced at the Opéra Comique, Paris, March 3, 1875. In Italian, at Her Majesty's, June 22, 1878 [see ]. In English (Carl Rosa) at Her Majesty's, Feb. 5, 1879. In French, at the same theatre, Nov. 8, 1886 (Mme. Galli Marié in her original part). [ M. ]

CARNABY, WILLIAM, Mus. D. Correct day of death to Nov. 7.

CARNEVAL, (the translation, on the printed copy, of the autograph heading, 'Fasching. Schwänke auf vier Noten f. Pfte von Eusebius'). A set of 21 piano pieces written by Schumann in 1834, and dedicated to Carl Lipinski. Each piece has its title. The allusions to the Carnival are obvious—'Pierrot,' 'Arlequin,' 'Pantalon et Colombine'; but the other subjects of which Schumann's mind was then full are brought in, such as 'Chiarina' (Clara Wieck), 'Estrelle' (Ernestine von Fricken), 'Chopin,' 'Paganini,' 'Papillons'; he himself is depicted under the two aspects of his mind as 'Florestan' and 'Eusebius,' and the events of a ball are fully delineated in the 'Valse noble' and 'Valse allemande,' 'Coquette' and 'Réplique,' 'Reconnaissance,' 'Aveu' and 'Promenade.' The whole winds up with a 'March of the Davidsbündler against the Philistines,' who are represented by the commonplace and domestic 'Grossvatertanz.' [See vol. i. p. 634.] The arrangement of the pieces, however, was made, and the title added, afterwards. Between numbers 8 and 9 are inserted the 'Sphinxes,' or 'Lettres dansantes,' that is, the 4 notes which in Schumann's mind formed the mystical basis of the whole.

No. 1 is to be read as S (Es), C, H, A, the musical letters in the composer's name; Nos. 2 and 3 as As, C, H, and A, S, C, H, the letters forming the name of a town in Bohemia, the residence of a Baron von Fricken, to whose daughter Ernestine he was actually engaged at this time.

The Carneval was published in 1837. It was probably first played in England on June 17, 1856, when Mme. Schumann performed 16 of the 21 numbers.

Schumann returned to the Carnival as the subject of a composition in his 'Faschings-schwank aus Wien' (op. 26). [ G. ]

CARNICER. Add days of birth and death, Oct. 24 and March 17.

CAROL. The history of this word presents a remarkable parallel to that of the kindred term Ballad. Both originally implied dancing: both are now used simply to denote a kind of song.

In old French, Carole signified a peculiar kind of dance in a ring. This dance gave its name to the song by which it was accompanied: and so the word passed, in one or both of these senses, into most of the languages of Western Europe.

In the English of Chaucer carolling is sometimes dancing and sometimes singing. In modern usage a carol may be defined as a kind of popular song appropriated to some special season of the ecclesiastical or natural year. There are, or were, Welsh summer carols, and winter carols; there are also Easter carols; but the only species which remains in general use, and requires a more detailed examination, is the Christmas carol. 