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506 brought out at Covent Garden Theatre, April 5, 1831. The song, 'Rose softly blooming,' has remained a favourite piece to this day. [ G. ]

ZENOBIA. An opera, worthy of notice because of the great number of times it has been set, often to the same libretto. The following list is collected from Clement's 'Dict. Lyrique' and Riemann's 'Opern-Handbuch.'

'Zenobia': to various texts. G. A. Boretti, Vienna, 1661; N. A. Strungk, Leipzig, 1697; G. K. Reutter, jun., Vienna, 1732; Earl of Mt. Edgcumbe, London, 1800. To Metastasio's text; L. A. Predieri, Vienna, 1740; G. Sbacci, Venice, 1740; B. Micheli, Venice, 1746; D. Perez, Turin, 1751; N. Piccinni, Naples, 1756; G. Cocchi, London, 1758; N. Sala, Naples, 1761; J. A. Hasse, Vienna, 1763; J. G. Schwanberg, Brunswick, 1767; A. Tozzi, Munich, 1773; V. Federici, London, 1795; Fr. Bianchi, London, 1797.

'Zenobia in Palmira.' F. Chelleri, Milan, 1711; F. Fio, Naples, 1713; L. Leo, Naples, 1725; P. Anfossi, Venice, 1790; G. Paesiello, Naples, 1790.

'Zenobia regina de' Palmireni.' T. Albinoni, Venice, 1694.

'Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra.' Pratt, New, York, 1883. [ G. ]

ZERETELEW,, the Princess of, née Lawrowskaja, well-known as Mme. Lawrowska, was born Oct. 12, 1845, at Kaschin, Twer, Russia. She was taught singing by Fenzi, at the Elizabeth Institute, and by Mme. Nissen-Saloman at the Conservatorium, St. Petersburg. In 1867 she made her début as Orfée at three performances of Glück's opera, given by the students of the Conservatorium under Rubinstein, at the Palace of the Grand Duchess Helena, thanks to whose kindness she was enabled to study abroad. From 1868–72 she was engaged at the Russian Opera-Theatre Marie, and in the mean time (viz. on July 31, 1871), she married the Prince Zeretelew. In 1868 she was announced to sing at the Italian Opera, Covent Garden, but did not appear. She left the opera for a time and sang in concerts all over Europe, having received further instruction from Mme. Viardot-Garcia. She visited this country in 1873, and made her first appearance Feb. 24 at the Monday Popular Concerts, and March 1 at Crystal Palace. During her stay she made a great impression by her grand mezzo soprano voice and fine declamatory powers of singing in operatic airs of Handel and Glinka, and in the Lieder of Schubert, Schumann, etc. In 1881 she reappeared in England in concerts, but for a very short period. In 1878 she returned to the St. Petersburg Opera, where we believe she is still engaged. The principal Russian operas in which she has performed are 'La Vie pour le Czar' and 'Russlan and Ludmila' of Glinka, 'Russalka' of Darjomizsky, and 'Wrazyia Silow' of Serow. [ A. C. ]

ZERLINE, (The Basket of Oranges). Grand opera in 3 acts; libretto by Scribe, music by Auber. Produced at the Academic Nationale May 16, 1851. In London, in Italian (but under the French title), at Her Majesty's theatre, July 22, 1851. [ G. ]

ZERR,, born July 26, 1822, at Baden-Baden; was taught singing by Bordogni, and first appeared in opera at Carlsruhe, in 1839, where she remained until 1846, and was subsequently engaged at Vienna. In 1851 she obtained leave of absence, and made her first appearance in England May 19 at Catherine Hayes' Concert, at the Hanover Square Rooms, and sang with great success there and at other concerts, including one given for the benefit of the Hungarian Refugees. On this account, on her return to Vienna, she was deprived of her diploma of Court chamber singer, and was not permitted to sing again at the opera during the remainder of her engagement. On July 10 she made her début at the Royal Italian Opera as Astrafiammente, on the production of the Zauberflöte, with great effect. She re-appeared in 1852 in the same part, and in that of Lucia; on July 15 as Rosa on the revival of Spohr's Faust; on Aug. 17 as Catherine on the production of 'Pietro il Grande' (Jullien). She afterwards sang at the Birmingham Festival, at Jullien's concerts, went to America, and retired from public life in 1857. On June 14, 1881, she died, at her residence, Winterbach, near Oberkirch, Baden. [ A. C. ]

ZERRAHN,, born at Malchow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, July 28, 1826. Began the study of music at Rostock, under F. Weber, and continued it at Hanover and Berlin. The revolution of 1848, in Germany, had the effect of expatriating a number of young musicians, among whom was Zerrahn, who went to the United States, and, under the title of the 'Germania Musical Society,' gave concerts of classical music for orchestra, in many of the larger cities, with considerable success. In this orchestra Zerrahn played first flute. He was, in 1854, appointed conductor of the Handel and Haydn Society at Boston, succeeding Carl Bergmann, who had also been director of the 'Germania,' and he still retains the position (1887). For several years the only classical orchestral concerts in Boston were given by Zerrahn at his own risk. On the establishment of the Harvard Symphony Concerts, in 1865, Zerrahn received the appointment of conductor, and remained in charge until the concerts were given up (1882). The festivals given by the Handel and Haydn Society in May 1865, and triennially thereafter, until 1883, when they were suspended, were all under his direction. He occupied a prominent position among the directors at the Peace Jubilees at Boston, 1869 and 1872, and for several years has directed the annual autumn festivals at Worcester, Mass. Similar enterprises, generally on a. large scale, at New York, San Francisco, and elsewhere, have been conducted by him. The Oratorio Society of Salem, Mass., has been under