Page:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians vol 1.djvu/552

540 'National Psalmody.' He also composed 'The Fairy Oak,' an opera produced at Drury Lane Theatre in 1845, and 'Ruth,' an oratorio, performed at Hanover Square Rooms in 1847. He died Nov. 24, 1859. [ W. H. H. ]

FORD,, organist of Lymington, Hants, published between 1822 and 1836 seven books of psalm and hymn tunes for two voices with organ accompaniment. He was also the author of an elementary work entitled 'The Rudiments of Music,' which passed through several editions. [ W. H. H. ]

FORD,, was about 1760 distinguished as a performer on the harmonica or musical glasses. She published 'Instructions for playing on the Musical Glasses,' 1760. In October, 1761, she announced a concert at 'the large Room, late Cock's Auction Room, over the great China-shop, near Spring Garden.' at which she engaged 'to sing some favourite English Songs and accompany herself on the Musical Glasses,' and also to 'play a Lesson on the Guittar, and a Solo on the Viol di Gamba.' [ W. H. H. ]

FORD,, was one of the musicians of Prince Henry, son of James I. In 1607 he published a work entitled 'Musicke of Sundrie Kindes, set forth in two Bookes. The first whereof are Aires for 4 Voices to the Lute, Orpharion, or Basse-Viol, with a Dialogue for two Voyces and two Bass Viols in parts tunde the Lute way. The Second are Pavens, Galiards, Thumpes and such like, for two Basse Viols, the Liera way, so made as the greatest number may serve to play alone, very easie to be performde.' This work contains the beautiful four-part songs 'Since first I saw your face,' and 'There is a ladie sweet and kind.' Ford was a contributor to Leighton's 'Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowfull Soule,' 1614. On the accession of Charles I. he was appointed one of his musicians at a yearly salary of £80. Ford composed some canons and rounds printed in Hilton's 'Catch that Catch can,' and an anthem printed in the Anthems by Madrigal Composers of the Mus. Antiq. Society. He was buried at S. Margaret's West., Nov. 17, 1648. [ W. H. H. ]

FORKEL,, a meritorious though over-rated writer on the history and theory of music, son of a shoemaker, born Feb. 22, 1749, at Meeder near Coburg; educated himself by the study of Mattheson's 'Vollkommener Capellmeister.' Having a fine voice he was appointed chorister at Lüneburg in 1762, and 4 years later 'Chorpräfect' at Schwerin. In 1769 he entered the university of Göttingen to study law, but soon occupied himself exclusively with music, and became organist of the university church. In 1778 he was appointed director of music to the University and graduated as doctor of philosophy in 1780. On the death of Emmanuel Bach he hoped to have been appointed his successor at Hamburg, but Schwenke obtained the post, and Forkel remained at Göttingen till his death, March 17, 1818. He is best known as a musical critic and historian. His first work, 'Ueber die Theorie der Musik, etc.' (Cramer, Gottingen, 1774), a pamphlet urging the foundation of lectures on music at Göttingen, was followed by many others, especially 'Musikalisch-kritische Bibliothek,' 3 vols. (Gotha, 1774), containing violent attacks on Gluck's 'Iphigenie in Aulide'; the 'Mus. Almanach für Deutschland' for 1782, 3, 4, and 9, containing particulars (not always trustworthy) as to novelties in music; his 'Allgemeine Geschichte der Musik,' 2 vols. (Leipzig 1788 and 1801), founded on Hawkins, Burney, and Marpurg, now superseded, but interesting as a literary curiosity; 'Geschichte der Italienischen Oper,' 2 vols. (Leipzig 1789), a translation of Arteaga's book; and ' Allgemeine Literatur der Musik' (Leipzig 1792), his most important work. This book, which shows the amount of his knowledge and reading, is the foundation of Becker's 'Systematisch-chronologische Darstellung der musikalischen Literatur.' Forkel was the first to attempt a biography of Bach (Ueber J. S. B.'s Leben, Kunst, und Kunstwerke. Leipzig, 1802), translated into English under the title 'Life of J. S. Bach, with a critical review of his compositions' (London 1820). As he knew little of Bach's great sacred vocal works, he treats him mainly from the point of view of the organ and clavier, but the book will always remain as the foundation of all subsequent Lives of the great musician.

The royal library at Berlin contains an interesting specimen of Forkel's labours. This is a large volume of church music of the 16th century, scored by himself, and, though printed, unique. It was intended to form the 1st volume of a series of examples illustrating the history of music, and was undertaken at the instance of Sonnleithner of Vienna. The plates were engraved in Leipzig, and the proofs were already in Forkel's hands, when the French took the city in 1806, and seized everything in the shape of metal to be converted into bullets. His plates having been thus destroyed Forkel had the proof-sheet bound, and this is the copy now at Berlin, masses it contains are taken from 'Missæ tredecim ... Norinbergæ ... arte Hieronymi Graphei, 1539,' and 'Liber quindecim Missarum ... Norimbergas apud Joh. Petreium, 1539.' [ F. G. ]

FORLANA. An Italian dance, a favourite with the Venetian gondoliers. It is in 6-8 or 6-4 time, but possesses no special characteristics. An example of this dance may be found in J. S. Bach's suite for orchestra in C major. The following quotation of the opening bars of a forlana of the 17th century is from F. L. Schubert's 'Die Tanzmusik.'

etc. [ E. P. ]