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 These include

Ashmolean Museum

Bradford Museums & Galleries

British Film Institute

British Library

British Museum

Courtauld

East Riding Archives

Egypt Centre

Glasgow Museums

Government Art Collection

Guernsey Museums and Galleries

Heritage Collections UK Parliament

Highland Council Archive

Historic England (Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England)

Historic Environment Scotland

Historic Royal Palaces

Jewish Museum London

Kirklees Museums and Galleries

London Transport Museum

Manchester Art Gallery

Manchester Museum

Mary Rose Trust

Museum of Classical Archaeology

Museum of Liverpool

Museum of London

National Archive

National Army Museum

National Galleries of Scotland

National Gallery

National Jazz Archive

National Museum Wales

National Museums Liverpool

National Museums Northern Ireland

National Portrait Gallery

National Trust

Northampton Museums

Natural History Museum

Parliamentary Archives

Pitt Rivers Museum

Royal Academy of Art

Royal Armouries

Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Royal Museums Greenwich

Science Museum Group

Tate

Victoria & Albert Museum

Wallace Collection

Many post fee-models to the website or provide fee calculators for users, including for fair dealing uses permitted by UK copyright law.

There is wide use of watermarks on images made available through these commercial image libraries and external licensing platforms. These instances are not included in the data on technical protection measures, as they obstruct images on platforms that operate separately from the website and/or primary digital collections interface.

At least 56 GLAMs from the UK GLAM sample licence at least 123,912 assets via Bridgeman Images. Google Art & Culture hosts another 92,337 from 40 UK GLAMs.

Such commercial relationship raise questions around how the value of these partnerships is assessed, whether copyright and/or exclusivity is even necessary for these relationships, and what success looks like.

The data shows open GLAM is in early stages, although some countries and/or their national institutions take more consistent approaches.

A Culture of Copyright