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Note: Each country profile ends with a list of primarily well-known institutions that do not engage in open GLAM activity. The list is illustrative rather than exhaustive to demonstrate which big players are missing and therefore excluded from the data.

Figure 19. Publication platforms used in the United States



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The United States leads on open GLAM instances. It also has the most legally compliant open GLAM practice. This could be due to greater legal consensus in case law on the question of copyright, which also informs and is cited in the Wikimedia Commons policy on digital surrogates.

Indeed, the most common platform for publication is Wikimedia Commons (201 or 69.1% of US instances). This is partly due to a 2019 collaboration between the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and Wikimedia Commons to incorporate the national aggregator's cultural artefacts into Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. A year later, the DPLA also introduced a copyright status filter based on controlled rights fields, enabling users to search for media that can be used, shared, or modified for personal, educational, or commercial use.

In addition, 56 US GLAMs publish open collections via their own website. Of these, 49 (16.8%) publish all eligible data to the public domain on their own websites, and often at medium to very high-resolution formats. Within the Smithsonian Institution alone, there are more than 19 organisations and collections that publish all eligible data to the public domain. The Smithsonian

A Culture of Copyright