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mainder of the garrison was drawn oflF to Carrickfergus. Nevertheless Sidney's ex- pedition and the forays from Derry de- moralized Shane's forces. His ruin was completed by the Scots, and in the follow- ing June he was assassinated. In August 1 569 war broke out in Desmond, and Sidney, reinforced from England, hurried to the scene of action. Waterford refused to open its gates to him. He marched west, burning villages, blowing up castles, kill- ing the garrisons, and flinging their bodies from the battlements, for a terror to all others, putting every man to death whom he caught in arms, and garrisoning many strongholds. Through Kilmallock he moved to Limerick, to Gal way, to Roscom- mon, and thence across to Armagh and the borders of Tyrone, through Turlough Luineach O'Neill's country, reaching Dublin in October. " The expedition had been swift, vigorous, and not without effect," says Mr. Froude. " Some of the Irish had committed 'outrages too hor- rible to hear,' says Sidney. If he told but the bare truth, the English had set the example of ferocity, and had little right to complain." The account the same writer gives in the tenth volume of his History of England, of the doings of Sidney's officers in the County of Wicklow, is almost too barbarous to be believed. On 25th March 157 1, Sir Henry obtained the recall for which he had sued so long. He left the country in amiserable condition. In 1572 the government of Ireland was again pressed upon him, but he firmly refused it ; but three years afterwards he was induced to accept what he called his thankless charge. Dreading a plague then raging in Dublin, he landed at Drogheda in November, and commenced a progress through the provinces. Pass- ing into Ulster, he met Sorley Boy Mac- Donnell, whom he propitiated by restor- ing to him Rathlin island. He paid a friendly visit to O'Neill. Eapidly crossing Leinster, which he reported as idr the most part depopulated, burnt up, and waste, he proceeded on through Waterford, Dungarvan, and Youghal, to Cork. The Earls of Thomond, Desmond, and Clancarthy attended him with their retinues. The MacCarthys, O'Sullivans, O'Carrolls, McTeigues, and Eoches came to his levees. Grace O'Malley, to do him honour, sailed round from Achill to Cork, with her three pirate galleys manned by 200 men. Several Catholic Bishops ap- peared. He says: " We got good and honest juries there [at Cork], and with their help twenty-four malefactors were honourably condemned and hanged." Mr. Froude ob-

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serves, thatthegallows"mighthave worked better had justice been even-handed, and had scoundrels of both nations been hung upon it indiflferently." From Cork the pro- gress was continued to Limerick and Gal- way. The state of the Church was a matter of great concern to him. In Meath there was not a single resident clergyman in the 105 government benefices. In the autumn of 1576 he held an itinerant court in the southern provinces ; at Cork he executed forty-three notable malefactors (including one pressed to death, and two drawn and quartered) ; at Limerick, twenty-three ; at Kilkenny, thirty -six (including two for treason, and a " blackamoor and two witches"). He thought it necessary to apologize for his moderation — " I have chosen rather with the snail slenderly to creep, than with the horse swiftly to run." Mr. Froude again remarks : " When the people were quiet, there was the rope for malefactors, and death by '' natural law " for those whom the law written would not touch. When they broke out there was the blazing homestead, and death by the sword for all ; not for the armed kerne only, but for the aged and infirm, the nursing mother, and the baby at the breast. These, with ruined churches, and Irish rogues for ministers — these, and so far only these, were the symbols of the advance of English rule." The re-establishment of the presidencies was one of Sidney's chief administrative acts during his se- cond tenure of power. In 1578 it was apparent that at heart the princes and people were more bitterly opposed than ever to the acceptance of the Reformed religion and English habits and laws, and Sidney, perhaps unable to encounter the expense involved by tenure of office under Elizabeth, made haste out of the country before the storm burst. " Three times has her Majesty sent me as her Deputy to Ireland. I returned from each of them three thousand pounds worse than I went." Sir Henry Sidney died in 1586.5^ The great Sir Philip was his son. ^^ '*' ''° ^39 Simnel, Lambert, the sou of an Oxford tradesman, was, in i486, brought to Ireland by Richard Simond, a clergy- man, and presented to the chief personages of the Anglo-Irish colony as Richard, Earl of Warwick, son of the Duke of Clarence, and heir to the English throne. Of noble appearance and demeanour, he acted his part to perfection. Simond alleged, that having rescued the child from death, he had brought him to a land known to be specially attached to the cause of the White Rose, and relied that the Yorkists of Ire- land would vindicate the rights of a boy 481