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reclaim him from habits of intemperance. It has been well said, " There were two Mangans, one well known to the Muses, the other to the police. . . Some- times he could not be found for weeks ; and then he would reappear, like a ghost, or a ghoul, with a wildness in his blue, glittering eye, as of one who has seen spectres. . . Yet he was always humble, affectionate, almost prayerful. He was never of the Satanic school, never devoted mankind to the infernal gods, nor cursed the sun ; but the cry of his spirit was ever, me from the wrath to come ? ' " Anster, Father Meehan, Petrie, and James Haugh- ton retained generous friendship for him to the last. Early in June 1849 ^^ was seized with cholera in a miserable lodging in Dublin, was taken to Mercer's Hospital for treatment, and there sank and died on the 20th of the same month, aged 46. He was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery. His poetry, instinct with tenderness, pathos, and force of imagery, is too little known. A memoir and an essay on the character- istics of his poetical genius are prefixed to the edition of his Poems published by John Mitchel (New York, 1859). Of his distinctly Irish pieces, perhaps his " Dark Rosaleen," and " Lament for the Princes of Tyrone and Tirconnell" are the best known. In these and other translated Irish pieces he has so completely caught the feeling of the original that it is difficult to believe that his knowledge of Irish was very limited, and that he trusted to literal translations made for him by friends. His German Anthology contains perhaps the most widely-known of his translations. Mitchel says : " I have never yet met a cultivated Irish man or woman, of genuine Irish nature, who did not prize Clarence Mangan above all the poets that their island of song ever nursed." -^^
 * Miserable man that I am, who will deliver

Marianas Scotus, whose Irish name was SSaelbrigde, an annalist of the 1 1 th century, a contemporary of Tigernach, was bom in 1028. He is said to have been the first by whom the name Scotia, theretofore applied to Ireland only, was given to Scot- land. He went abroad in 1056, and joined a religious community at Cologne. From 1059 to 1069 he was imprisoned by com- mand of the Bishop of Metz. He died in 1086, aged 57. Harris gives a list of his works, and quotes the opinion that, "with- out comparison, he was the most learned man of his age, an excellent historian, a famofts man at calculations, and a solid divine." 339 ^^

Marsden, "William, F.R.S., a dis- tinguished oriental scholar, was born in

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Dublin, 1 6th November 1754. Obtaining an Indian appointment in 1771, he broke off his theological studies at Trinity College, and went out to Bencoolen, Sumatra, as secretary to the British representative. His duties were by no means arduous, and he devoted his leisure to the study of the Malay language, and was enabled to lay up the stock of oriental knowledge that was afterwards given to the world in his various publications. After eight years' residence abroad, he returned to England in 1 779, with an income of a few hundred pounds a year, determined to devote himself to literature. Before long he became ac- quainted with Sir Joseph Banks and the leading literary men of the day, and was elected a member of the Eoyal Society and other learned bodies. His History of Sumatra was published in 1782 — accord- ing to Southey, " a perfect model of topo- Saphical and descriptive composition." aving declined several offers of lucrative employment in India, in 1 795 he was ap- pointed Second Secretary of the Admiralty, and in due time became Chief Secretary, with a salary of £4,000 per. annum. He discharged the duties of this office for twelve years eventful to the British navy, much to his own honour and the public advantage. In 1807 his health began to suffer from overwork, and he retired on a pension of .£1,500. The first fruit of his labour in retirement was the publication, iu 1 81 2, of his Grammar and Diction- ary of the Malay Language, thirty-three years after he had collected the materials. In 181 7 appeared a translation of the Travels of Marco Polo. According to MacCulloch, "this is incomparably the best translation of the celebrated Travels of Marco Polo, . . . and is in all re- spects one of the best edited books that have ever been published." Several other works followed— notably Numismata Ori- entalia. In 1 83 1, from feelings of patriot- ism, he voluntarily resigned his pension. He died of apoplexy, 6th October 1836, aged 81, and was buried in Kensal-green. He bequeathed his collection of oriental coins and medals to the British Museum, and his library to King's College, London. 16 40

Marsh, Sir Henry, Bart., a distin- guished physician, was born at Loughrea in 1790. (He was lineally descended from Francis Marsh, Archbishop of Dublin.) He graduated at Trinity College in 181 2; but having attached himself to a sect known as the Walkerites, abandoned the studies which he had been pursuing with a view of entering the Church. He turned his attention to medicine, and was

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