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MAC ceding, entered the English army at an early age, and married Lady Arabella Wentworth, second daughter of the Earl of Strafford. Described as a man of honour and liberality, he attained the rank of Lieutenant-General; but his military powers were marred by defective sight. In 1688, or early in 1689, he was appointed by Tirconnell Muster-Master General and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Cork. He took Castlemartyr and Bandon from the Protestant party, met James II. on his landing at Kinsale, and received commands to raise seven regiments of foot. Early in May 1689 he was created Viscount Mountcashel and Baron of Castleinchy. In July, with 3,600 men and eight field pieces, he was sent north to act against the Enniskilleners, then numbering some 3,300 men, with six field pieces, under the command of Hamilton, Berry, and Wolseley. After some desultory engagements. Viscount Mountcashel was miserably defeated at Newtownbutler on 31st July. 217* The force under his command was almost annihilated, 1,500 being slain, 500 drowned in Lough Erne, and 500 taken prisoners. He was amongst the latter, and was brought to Enniskillen, and allowed out on parole. He escaped by boat on Lough Erne, in December following, and reached Dublin, where he was received by his party with all imaginable demonstrations of joy. He justified this breach of his parole by a quibble; and although afterwards acquitted on his own evidence by a French court of honour, the infamy of the act disgraced his name and nation. "I took Lieutenant-General MacCarthy to be a man of honour," remarked Schomberg on hearing of his escape, "but would not expect that in an Irishman any more." For the 6,000 veterans under Lauzun whom Louis XIV, sent to aid James II., he received a corresponding number of Irish troops early in 1690. Mountcashel commanded this force, and therefore left Ireland before the campaign of 1690. As Lieutenant-General of France, he was ordered to Savoy, where his brigade, acting in conjunction with French troops under St. Ruth, greatly distinguished itself. He afterwards commanded in Catalonia and on the Rhine; and died at Barege (whither he had retired on account of wounds) 21st July 1694. 186 217* 217† 223

MacCarthy, Donogh, 4th Earl of Clancarty, grandson of the 1st Earl, was born about 1670. His father died in 1676, leaving him estates equivalent to £200,000 in present value. He was educated a Protestant at Oxford. When but sixteen he was privately married to Lady Elizabeth Spencer, daughter of the Earl of Sunderland. On James II.'s accession, MacCarthy became a Catholic, and afterwards warmly espoused his cause in Ireland. He joined his uncle Mountcashel in the operations against Bandon, received James II. on his landing, and was appointed to many important offices. Being under age, he sat by royal dispensation in the Irish Parliament of May 1689. Assisting in the defence of Cork in 1690, he was, on its capture by Marlborough, sent prisoner to the Tower of London, where he was held until the autumn of 1694, when he escaped to France (leaving his periwig block dressed up in his bed, with the inscription, "The block must answer for me"). He commanded a troop of King James's Guards until the Peace of Ryswick in 1697. Next year he ventured to cross to England to visit his wife, whom he not seen since their marriage. He had not been in her company more than two hours when, on the information of his brother-in-law. Lord Spencer, he was arrested and again committed to the Tower, his wife insisting upon accompanying him. He was eventually pardoned and a pension of £300 a year granted him on condition of his leaving the country. He retired to Hamburg, and purchasing an island in the Elbe, near Altona, made it his residence until his death. His Countess died in June 1704. The attainder was reversed and his honours restored in 1721, but he never returned to England, and died at Hamburg, 19th September 1734, aged 64. His son and heir, Robert, the 4th Earl, after serving for a time in the British navy, resided many years at Boulogne on a pension of £1,000 from the French government, and died in 1770, aged 84. His two sons died without issue, and the Muskerry family became extinct in the male line. The greater part of the MacCarthy estates were bestowed upon Lord Woodstock, the eldest son of the Duke of Portland, 51 186 223

MacCarthy, Sir Charles, an Irishman, was an officer in the Irish Brigade in France at the time of the Revolution. In 1800 he entered the British service, and was stationed in New Brunswick, where a local regiment was raised and trained by him. In 1811 he was appointed to command Cape Coast Castle, and under his rule the colony is stated to have advanced in a few years to "a state of prosperity and happiness which had far out-stripped the expectations of the most sanguine." He lost his life 21st January 1824, in an expedition against the Ashantees. 6

MacCarthy, Nicholas, Abbe, was born in Dublin, 19th May 1769. He was educated at the University of Paris, and

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