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 A Catholic, he was educated at St. Omer's with a view to entering the Church. At seventeen he visited a rich relation in the West Indies; but the trying climate and the miseries of slavery so wrought on his mind and body that he threw up prospects of opulence and returned to Europe. He took orders, rose to distinction at Louvain, and in 1778 went to London as chaplain to the Neapolitan Embassy. Coming to Ireland to visit his relatives, he was converted to Protestantism, received into the Established Church, and appointed rector of St. Peter's, Dublin, June 1787. He almost immediately took his place as the most popular city preacher of the day. Barrington says: "He was by far the most eloquent and effective pulpit orator I ever heard; his figure, and particularly his countenance, were not prepossessing; there was an air of discontent in his looks, and a sharpness in his features, which, in the aggregate, amounted to something not distant from repulsion. His manner of preaching was of the French school:  his tact equalled his talent In St. Peter's, where he preached an annual charity sermon, the usual collection, which had been under £200, was raised by the Dean to £1,100. I knew a gentleman myself who threw both his purse and watch into the plate." In 1800 Lord Cornwallis advanced him to the deanery of Killala. He died in Dublin, 27th October 1805, aged about 51, leaving a family but poorly provided for. George III. granted his widow £300 a year, with reversion to his daughters. A painting in the Royal Dublin Society House represents him preaching, while a group of orphans for whom he is pleading sit round the base of the pulpit. Grattan uttered a brilliant eulogium on Dr. Kirwan in the Irish Parliament, on 19th June 1792: "What is the case of Dr. Kirwan? This man preferred our country and our religion, and brought to both genius superior to what he found in either. He called forth the latent virtues of the human heart, and taught men to discover in themselves a mine of charity of which the proprietors had been unconscious. In feeding the lamp of charity, he has almost exhausted the lamp of life. He came to interrupt the repose of the pulpit, and shakes one world with the thunder of another. The preacher's desk becomes the throne of light. Round him a trainnot such as crouch and swagger at the levee of princesnot such as attend the procession of the viceroy, horse, foot, and dragoons; but that wherewith a great genius peoples his own statecharity in ecstacy, and vice in humiliationvanity, arrogance, and saucy empty pride appalled by the rebuke of the preacher, and cheated for a moment of their native improbity and insolence. What reward? The curse of Swift is upon him: to have been born an Irishman and a man of genius, and to have used it for the good of his country." In Notes and Queries, 1st Series, mention is made of his delivering even a shorter sermon than Swift's famous one. Too ill to preach, he mounted the pulpit while the church was crowded to suffocation, and having given out the text, he merely pointed to the orphan children in the aisle, and said: "There they are." It is added that the collection ensuing was one of the largest ever made in Dublin. Dean Kirwan left a son who became Dean of Limerick.

Knowles, James Sheridan, a distinguished actor, dramatist, author, and preacher, was born in Cork, 12th May 1784. His father, James Knowles, first cousin of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, was a schoolmaster of high reputation, and the editor of an edition of Walker's Pronouncing Dictionary, at which he is said to have laboured for thirty years. When only twelve years of age, James evinced considerable dramatic talents. In London (whither his father removed when James was quite a young man), he gained much from intimacies formed with Hazlitt, Coleridge, Lamb, and other literary men. He visited Dublin in 1808, and resided for a time with his relations, the LeFanus, who endeavoured to dissuade him from going on the stage. In 1809 he acted at Waterford, in company with Edmund Kean. There he played in tragedy, comedy, and opera, and having a good voice, succeeded well in the latter. In Waterford he published a volume of Fugitive Pieces of Poetry and his drama of Leo, or the Gipsy. His father and he afterwards established a school at Belfast. Sir Joseph Napier was one of his scholars, and praises his method of teaching: "His habits were altogether those of a child of geniushence his discipline was irregularhe was neither our schoolmaster nor our schoolfellowhe was both, and sometimes more than both, but we loved him, and he taught us." In Belfast he produced his drama of Brian Boroihme. Caius Gracchus followed in 1815. At the request of his friend Kean he now wrote his great tragedy of Virginius, which was brought out at Glasgow, and afterwards in London. William Tell appeared in 1825, establishing the author's reputation as one of the greatest dramatists of the age. Other works followed each other in quick succession, and he acquired a right to be considered a great actor as well as a great 278