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his youth, and of Charles and Josiah, or Friendly Conversations between a Church- man and a Quaker, published in Dublin in

1862. '^'59

Haughton, James, philanthropist, was born at Carlow, 5 th May 1795, His parents were members of the Society of Friends. He was educated at Ballitore school, and after residing five years in Cork to learn business, in 1817 settled in Dublin as a com merchant, in partnership with his brother, imtil the year 1 850. Occupied with the cares of his family for many years, and with what he regarded as one of the duties of civilized man — adding moderately to the capital of the country — he did not appear much in public before the year 1830. After the early death of a beloved wife his attention became devoted to questions of reform. In 1838 he went to London as a delegate to an Anti-Slavery Convention, and thenceforward was known as an energetic philanthropic reformer. He took a warm interest in the anti- slavery cause in America and elsewhere, and enjoyed the friendship of many of its principal advocates. Although he could ex- press himself with clearness, he was not a fluent speaker, and always preferred to write and read his addresses. For thirty- five years he sent out a stream of letters on anti-slavery, temperance, crime, capital punishment, land reform, and other ques- tions, which were published by the press of all parties with unusual liberality. As a politician he was not very active, but his opinions were decidedly national, liberal, and in favour of all popular reforms. During O'Connell's Eepeal agitation Mr. Haughton occasionally attended the Con- ciliation Hall meetings, and spoke in favour of the Repeal of the Union, and he had a high opinion of O'Connell's character as a true friend of liberty. He became a mem- ber of the Unitarian body about the year 1834. Amongst many local public benefits which he especially laboured to carry out, were the establishment of the Dublin Mechanics' Institute, the opening of the Zoological Gardens on Sunday afternoons at a penny charge, the free opening of the Glasnevin Botanic Gardens on Sunday afternoons, and the formation of the Peo- ple's Garden in the Phoenix Park. He was a thorough free-trader, in the broad and imrestricted sense of the word, and he believed war to be totally opposed to the teaching of Christ. He took more or less part in nearly all the reform questions of his day ; but the chief mission of his life was to promote the disuse of alcoholic liquors, and for many years before his death he gave up most of his time and 246

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energies to the cause of total abstinence, and the endeavour to secure legislative restrictions on the sale of intoxicating drinks. He died in Dublin, 20th February 1873, aged 77, and his remains were fol- lowed to Mount Jerome Cemetery by a concourse of people unusually large even for Ireland. '59t

Havard, William, born in Dublin in July 1 7 10, was an actor of some repute, and was the author of Charles I., Regidus, and other plays, which had a passing celeb- rity. He died in London 20th February 1778, aged about 67, and was buried in Covent Garden, his epitaph being written by his friend Garrick. "*

Eaviland, William, General, was born in Ireland in 17 18. He served at Carthagena and Portobello ; in the Rebel- lion of 1745 ; under Abercrombie at Ticon- deroga in 1 7 58 ; under Amherst in 1 759-'6o ; and as Brigadier-General commanding the expedition which reduced Isle-aux-Noix, St. John's, and Chambly. His mechanical genius enabled him to concert measures for passing the rapids with success, and in other ways he largely contributed to the tri- umph of the British arms in America. He was second in command at the reduction of Martinique in February 1 762 ; command- ed the fourth brigade at the siege of Ha- vannah; was made Lieutenant-General 25th May I772,aud General 19th February 1783. He died i6th September 1784, aged about 66. 37»

Hay, Edward, was born about 1761 in BaUinkeel, County of Wexford, de- scended from an old Ariglo-Norman family deprived of most of their property for espousing the cause of James II. He was active in the cause of his co-religionists, the Catholics, both before and after the Union. Although he took no overt part in the Insurrection in 1798, he narrowly escaped hanging — his successful efforts to mitigate the suflFerings of the royalists during the occupation of Wexford, causing suspicion to centre on him as a person of influence among the insurgents. He was for many years secretary to the Catholics of Ireland in their efforts for emancipation. We are told that he died in absolute want in Dublin in October 1826, and was buried in St. James's churchyard, where his grave "is unmarked by any memorial of his faith- ful services to the Catholic cause, or any record of the base ingratitude with which they were repaid by his Roman Catholic fellow-countrymen and the Catholic Asso- ciation." 33' He was the author of a book relating to the Insurrection of 1 798 — the History of the Rebellion in Ireland. John Hay, his brother, once a Lieutenant in the