Page:A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India Vol 3.djvu/36

 STRUCTURE OF VERBAL STEMS. 21

The nasal, however, is retained throughout in Jaina Prakrit, thus—

Skr. ^5T^ ^5^«tft ^^Tc^.

Jaina sPsTcft W^jcft *Rct

This peculiarity is worth remembering ; much depends on this retention of the nasal, as will be seen when we come to the modern Sindhi and Panjabi verbs.

Very great interest attaches to the participle of the future passive, which in Sanskrit ends in cf^I- In verbs which do not take intermediate, this ending is added directly to the root with the usual Sandhi changes ; but as Prakrit prefers to insert the ^ in order to preserve the root-form of the present, it comes to pass that the rf of the termination stands alone be- tween two vowels, and in consonance with Prakrit phonetics is elided. The hiatus thus produced is in the Jaina writings filled by if. If to this we add the regular mutation of q5J into IT, we get from 7T3J the form tf^. In its original meaning this participle corresponds to the Latin in ndus, as faciendus, and expresses that which is to be done, as nflf 3T«fi«9 " by thee it is to be gone," i.e. " thou must go." In this sense it occurs frequently in Bhagavati, as for instance in § 56 :

Jaina TJRJ ^Tmfar*n 'tffW. f^ff^t- f^fff^W.'. *jfa*IW> etc. Skr. TJcj ^cfRfWT *InTO, mcW, f^TT^, HT3R, etc.

" Thus, beloved of the gods, must ye go, must ye stand, must ye sit, must ye eat," where the last two words postulate a Sanskrit form with the ^ inserted, such as faiftfarT^i,

It is obvious that it would require no groat straining of the

sense of this participle to make it into an infinitive, and seeing that as raily as this Jaina dialect the use of the regular Sanskrit infinitive in ?j has become rare, it follows that recourse should be had to some participial form to supply its place. In this way we find the past passive participle in r, with the 7 elided and