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ten years after that he was poisoned by his Empress who wished to keep the supreme power in her own hands. Canonised as ^

ift iD^ ^ ^ • ^V ^^^^ Hung^yen.

1948 Toba I-lu |& ^ ^ M- Died A.D. 316. A Khan of the % ^ turban ed branch of the Hsien-pi Tartars, who migrated south- wards and settled in Shansi. In 310 he seised ^ ^ the District of Tai, and in 315 proclaimed himself king. He was murdered in the following year. The name T'o-po or Toba is explained as J^ ^ Earth Lord, earth being the chosen element of the Yellow Emperor from whom the House of Toba claimed descent.

1949 Toba Euei |& ^ j^. Died A.D. 409. A fugitiye from the Tai State on its partition by Fu Ghien (see Toba Shi/i^i-chien)^ who set himself up in 386 as king of the Wei State. He ruled welli and by 391 had annexed that part of Tai which had been gi?en to ^J ^ J^ Liu Wei-ch^6n, and had reduced the nomad tribes. By 395 he had made himself master of portions of Shansi and Chihli, but the army he sent into Honan was defeated. By 397 his rule extended on the south-west to the Yellow Ri?er, and eastwards comprised about one-half of Chihli. In 398 he proclaimed himself Emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty. He was slain by the son of his wife*s sister, and canonised as ^ ^ ^.

1950 Toba Shih-i-chien :^ ^ ff PM- ^•^- 315-376. Rightfid heir to Toba I-lu. During the confusion which prevailed at his father's death he was saved by his mother, who carried him away hidden in her baggy trousers; and it was held to augur well for his future career that he did not utter a sound to betray himself while in that trying situation. He succeeded to the throne of his father in 338, and introduced the Chinese system of administration. In 366 he became embroiled with ^ |^ J^ Liu Wei-ch*6n, » Hsiung-nu in the service of Fu Chien (2), the result being that he declared himself a vassal of the latter. Upon his murder by