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46 In 713 he was denounced by a fellow Censor for slander, and banished to Canton. He succeeded however in obtaining his recall, and latterly was secretary in a Board. His fame as an anthor spread far and wide, his writings being known and admired even by the Japanese. His essays were said to be like "ten thousand cash chosen from ten thousand," — all good. Hence he received the sobriquet of 青錢學士.  Chang Tsung, See .  Chang Tsung-yü 張總愚. Leader of the Nien fei, or mounted banditti, who for some years gave much trouble to the authorities in Chihli and other provinces, and slew the famous Manchu general in A.D. 1864. He himself was slain by.  Chang Ts'ung 寣璁 (T. 秉用). A.D. 1475-1539. A native of Yung-chia in Chehkiang, who after failing seven times to obtain the chü jen degree, graduated as chin shih in 1521. By supporting the desire of the Emperor to have his father canonised as 本生父興獻帝, while the general body of officials urged that the Emperor must recognise his predecessor alone as his (adopted) father, Chang obtained rapid promotion, along with. By backing his master's views on all points of music and ceremony — the Emperor's hobbies — he gained such further favour that in 1527 he became a Grand Secretary. He was now able to wreak his vengeance on the Han-lin doctors who had at first ignored him. In 1529 he was denounced for arrogance and dismissed, only to be immediately reinstated as Prime Minister. He then came into conflict with, and after a stormy term of office he retired in ill-health in 1535. The Emperor never wavered in his affection for Chang, who was able to effect some reforms, such as the abolition of eunuch Commandants. He was himself clean-handed, and put down bribery to a great extent; 