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Ma Chou ,fi|^ (T. ^ i). A.D. 601-648. A native of ^|[ 1468 Po-chou in Shantung, who as a youth displayed a great love for study. After several attempts to find an opening, he entered the service of ^ "j^ Chiang Ho, a high military o£Scial at the capital. In 631 the Emperor called upon his Ministers and others for advice; whereupon Chiang Ho, who was only a military man and had no book-learning, got Ma Chou to prepare a memorial for him. This document, under twelve headings, was so much to the point that the Emperor sent for Chiang Ho, who at once admitted that Ma Chou was the writer. The latter received an appointment, and gradually rose to be President of the Board of Civil Office. Ma Chilli j^ ^. 3rd cent. A.D. A famous mechanic, who 1469 flourished under the Wei dynasty, and constructed a variety of ingenious machines.

Ma-erh-han ^ ^ ]|| • A.D. 1633-1718. Served in the campaign 1470 of 1675—6 against the Shensi Commander-in-chief, T jff fS. Wang Fu-ch^Sn, the accomplice of Wu San-kuei, and on his submission was sent to the army which recovered Hunan in 1677. He also served in 1680 — 1 in the invasion of Kueichou and Yiinnan, and rose to be President of a Board and Minister of the Council. He was admitted iu 1730 to the Temple of Worthies, and canonised in 1736 as ^Igf.

Ma Hon ]^ ^. Died A.D. 79. The virtuous Empress Ma, consort 1471 of the Emperor Ming Ti of the Han dynasty, aud daughter of the celebrated general Ma Yuan. She would only wear dresses made of coarse stuffs, such as could be dyed, in order to set an example of thrift. Having no child of her own, she adopted at the Emperor's suggestion the son of a concubine named ^ Chia, and the boy eventually succeeded to the throne. Known in history as ^ ^

ma- Ma Hou ,B| J^. A.D. 1332-1382. The tnfe of the founder of 1478