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of Yao Hfidng, and became Goyernor of ||] 3^ So-fang in Kansah. In 407, dissatisfied with his master's conciliatory policy towards the Northern Wei State, he threw off his allegiance and set himself np as king of the Hsia State, naming it after the dynasty of old from which he professed to be descended. He defended himself snccessfuUy against the Later ChHns and Southern Liangs, and in 411 bnilt a new capital. In 418 he adopted the surname of ^ ^ Ho-lien, and in 418 he captured Ch'ang-an, bnt was forced to retire in order to defend his northern capital against the Northern Wei State. His two sons who succeeded him both fell into the power of the latter and were executed, and thns the Hsia State came to an end in 481. Under his rule the punishment for scamped work of any kind was death.

1347 Liu Shao ^ ^ (T. ^ >f ). 8rd cent. A.D. A native of Han- tan in Chihli, who rose by 224 to high office and was commissioned to collect works on the Five Classics. He also edited the Classic of Filial Piety J and wrote a treatise, entitled ^ ^ ^, on the division of mankind into classes according to the disposition of each individual as ascertained from outward characteristics.

1348 Liu Shao ^ ^ (T. >^ |g). Died A.D. 454. Eldest son of Liu I-luDg, by whom he was appointed Heir Apparent at the age of six. His evil conduct compelled his father to set him aside; whereupon he slew the latter and proclaimed himself Emperor. He was soon captured by the generals of his brother Liu Ghdn and was promptly executed.

1349 Liu Sheng ^ g or Liu Hung-hsi ^ ^^. Died A.D. 958.

Brother to Liu Yen, whom he assassinated in 948, mounting the throne as third ruler of the Southern Han State. He led an immoral life, but managed to add a part of Euangsi to his dominions. Canonised as f^ ^. 1360 Liu Shih ^^. B.C. 75-82. Son of Liu Hsfln, whom he