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licentiate of Anhui, who was Taot'ai at Shanghai from 1878—82 and then Treasurer of Kiangsi. He was sent as Minister to England and Bnssia in November 1885, a post which in 1887 was changed to Minister to England, France, Italy, and Belgium. Besides receiving the Directorship of Minor Courts in Peking in 1886, he was on his return in 1890 appointed Gk)vernor at Canton, where he died.

Liu K*an ^^ff. B.C. 8-A.D. 6. Grandson, by a concubine, of Liu Shih. His personal name was originally ^ -^ Chi-tzti, changed in A.D. 2 to E^an. He was placed upon the throne in A.D. 1 as twelfth sovereign of the Han dynasty by Wang Mang, acting in concert with the Empress Dowager, and five years later he married Wang Mang*s daughter. His death, which occurred soon afterwards, has been attributed to poison administered by his father-in-law; but of this there is no actual evidence. Canonised

Liu K'o-chuang ^^^ (T. 1^ ^. H. ^ ;^). 12th cent.

A.D. A poet of the Sung dynasty, who was recommended by Ch6n T6-Jisiu as a profound student of history and a brilliant writer.

Liu K*uan ^ ^. 2nd cent. A.D. A Governor of Nan-yang under the Emperor Huan Ti of the Han dynasty. He was of a gentle and humane disposition, and would only flog criminals with whips of rushes, declaring that the sense of shame was quite sufficient punishment. On one occasion, just as he was going to Court, his wife spilt a bowl of soup over his Court robes; yet he only said, ^^I hope you have not scalded your hand.**

Liu Kun ^ ^ (T. M^)- ^'^^ ^'^' 3^7. A native of |$

1^ Wei-ch'ang in Chihli, who rose to high mib'tary rank under the Emperors Hui Ti, Huai Ti, and Min Ti, of the Chin dynasty. When he was defending ^ ^ Chin-yang against the Tartars, with no prospect of being able to hold out, he mounted a tower by moonlight and whistled and played on the Tartar pipe. The