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Liu Hsiin ^ ||. B.C. ? 90 - 48. Great grandson of ihe Emperor Wu Ti of the Han dynasty, and great nephew of Lin Fn-ling whom he sncceeded in B.C. 73 as eighth sovereign of the Han dynasty (see Ping Chi and THen Yen-nien). In addition to fair literary abilities, he possessed considerable mechanical skill and interested himself greatly in the handicrafts of the people. Daring ' his reign the Khan of the Hsiung-nn acknowledged the Imperial suzerainty, and the empire was generally prosperous. Canonised as
 * ^ Ht ^, with the temple name of PJ? ^.

Liu Hsiin ^ l^ (T. ^^). Died A.D. 521. A native of P4ng-yaan in Shantung, who was stolen from his home when only eight years old. He was ransomed and educated for a time by a wealthy man of the same clan. He was an ardent student and would read all night, having a lighted twist of hemp arranged in such a way as to burn his hair if he began to nod from drowsiness; and he would have risen to high official rank, had he not offended by his republican opinions the first Emperor of the Liang dynasty. He surrounded himself with numerous disciples, and solaced his disappointed ambition by writing the ^ ^ ^, a treatise on the irony of fate. He was also author of the ^| ^ ^, and of a commentary on the {It |^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ 1^ ^^° I-ch*ing, a work on historical episodes ffom .the Han to the Chin dynasty inclusive. From ^ ^ jj^ Ts^ui Wei-tsu he received the sobriquet of ^ ^, in allusion to his exaggerated love for books; and by his disciples he was canonised as j\^ ]^ ^ l^.

Liu Hung ^^. A.D. 156—189. Great great grandson of Liu Ta. He succeeded to the throne in 168 as eleventh Emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty (see Tou Wu). He was a patron of literature, and in 175 caused the Five Classics to be engraved on stone and set up at the door of the Imperial College. In 184 the Yellow-Turban rebellion broke out (see Chang Chio)^ and the