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114 was for some time independent ruler of Formosa under the title of Prince of 延平 Yen-p'ing; but in A.D. 1683 he submitted to the victorious Shih Lang, and shaved his head in token of submission to the Manchu power. In return for his surrender of the island, he was made a Duke, and was enrolled under the Red Banner of the 漢軍 Han-chün.

Chêng Ku 鄭谷 (T. 子愚. H. 亦由). A native of 宜春 I-ch'un in Kiangsi. Graduated as chin shih about A.D. 886, and subsequently distinguished himself in poetry, of which he was a composer at the early age of 7. He said that no one should sing his Song of the Partridge in the presence of southerners, as it made them think sadly on their far-off homes. Hence he gained the sobriquet of 鄭鷓鴣 "Partridge Chêng."

Chêng Tsao-ju 鄭藻如. Died A.D. 1894. A native of Kuangtung, who graduated as chin shih in 1851, and in 1873 was assistant overseer of iron machinery at the Shanghai Arsenal. Five years later he was appointed Customs' Taot'ai at Tientsin, and from 1881 until his retirement from ill-health in 1885 was Minister at Washington, rising also to be Director of the Banqueting Court.

Chêng-yang Hou. See Hsiao Yüan-ming.

Ch'êng-chi-ssŭ. See Genghis Khan.

Ch'êng Hao 程顥 (T. 伯淳 H. 明道). A.D. 1032–1085. The elder of the two famous sons of Chafing Hsiang (see Chêng I). He was born at Lo-yang in Honan, and after showing great precocity as a child, graduated as chin shih in 1057. Appointed to be Magistrate at 鄠 Hu in Shensi, he soon made a reputation, especially by the suppression of a stone image in a Buddhist temple, which was said to emit rays from its head and which was the cause of disorderly gatherings of men and women. He subsequently served in Kiangnan and Shensi, and in 1069