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Rh and mechanic shops they were to have, and an annuity of $30,000 a year for fifteen years. There was this clause, however, in an article of the treaty, “Their annuities may, at the discretion of the President of the United States, be discontinued entirely should said Indians fail to make reasonable and satisfactory efforts to improve and advance their condition; in which case such other provision shall be made for them as the President and Congress may judge to be suitable or proper.” Could there be a more complete signing away than this of all benefits provided for by the treaty?

Lands were to be assigned to them “in severalty,” and certificates were to be issued by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, specifying the names of individuals; and that the “said tracts were set apart for the exclusive use and benefit of the assignees and their heirs.” Each Indian was to haye forty acres of land, “to include in every case, as far as practicable, a reasonable portion of timber and water.”

The tenth Article of the treaty provided that the annuities now paid to the Arapahoes and Cheyennes should be continued to them until the stipulations of such treaties or articles of agreement should be fulfilled; and the seventh Article provided that the President, with the assent of Congress, should have power to modify or change any “of the provisions of former treaties” “in such manner and to whatever extent” he might judge it to be necessary and expedient for their best interests.

Could a community of people be delivered up more completely bound and at the mercy of a government? Some of the bands of the Cheyennes who were not represented at this council were much dissatisfied with the treaty, as evidently they had great reason to be. And as time went on, all the bands became dissatisfied. Two years later we find that, instead of their being settled on those farms “in severalty,” the survey of their lands has been just completed, and that “a