Page:A Brief History of the Indian Peoples.djvu/37

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The Twelve British Provinces. — The British possessions are distributed into twelve Provinces. Each has its own Governor or head ; but all are controlled by the supreme Government of India, consisting of a Governor-General in Council. The Governor-General also bears the title of Viceroy. He holds his court and government at Calcutta in the cold weather; and during summer at Simla, in the Himalayas, 7000 feet above the level of the sea. The Viceroy of India is appointed by the Queen of England ; so also are the Governors of Madras and Bombay. The heads of the other Provinces are chosen for their merit from the Anglo-Indian services, almost always from the Civil Service, and are nominated by the Viceroy, subject in the case of the Lieutenant- Governorships to the approval of the Secretary of State. The Queen of England is Empress of India, and is spoken of both officially and commonly in India as 'the Queen-Empress.'

Area and Population. — The two tables following show the area and population, first, of the twelve Provinces of British India, with the separate jurisdiction of Quetta, excluding Aden and the Andaman Islands ; and, second, the area and population of the Feudatory States arranged in thirteen groups.

The first table gives the population counted by the Census Officers in British India, exclusive of Aden and the Andaman Islands, in 1891. But as shown in the footnotes to the table, certain additions have to be made for new districts in which the population could only be roughly enumerated or estimated. If we add these numbers, the actual total population of British India, exclusive of Aden and the Andaman Islands, amounted to over $221 1⁄4$ millions in 1891.

In the second table, to the total must be added the population in Native States beyond the reach of the Census, but approximately estimated as shown in the footnotes to the table. Making these additions the actual population of Feudatory or Native India in 1891 was nearly $66 3⁄4$ millions. Adding this number to the actual population of over $221 1⁄4$ millions in British India, we find that the total population of British and Feudatory India in