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 INDEX. 255 forms a national Hindu party in the Deccan, 156; his reign and establishment of the Maratha power, 157 ; his descendants, 158. Slave dynasty of Delhi, the (1206- 90), 119-121. Sleeman, Sir W. H., suppressed thagi, 207. Smarta Brahmans, lineal successors of the disciples of Sankara Acharya, 102. Sobraon, battle of (1845), 214. Somnath, sack of, by Mahmud of Ghazni (1024), 114, 115 ; the so- called gates of, brought to India (1842), 115, 212. Sources of the Indian people — Aryan, non-Aryan, and Scythian, 94. Southern table-land, the, 27-30 ; sceneiy, 28, 29 ; rivers, 29 ; forests, 29, 30 ; minerals, 30. Stephens, Thomas, first modern Englishman in India (1579), 168. Strathnairn, Gen. Lord. See Rose, Sir Hugh. Subuktigin, Turki invader of India (977 A. D.), 113- Siidras or serfs, the lowest caste in the ancient Hindu fourfold organ- ization, 59, 60. Sulaiman mountains, offshoot of the Himalayas in Afghanistan, 19. Surat, the trade guilds at, 98, 99 ; original English headquarters on north-western coast of India, 171 ; treaty of (1775), 190. Sutlej river, 22. Sutras, earliest Brahman legal works, 66. Swally, defeat of the Portuguese fleet at, by the British (1615), 170. Swayam-vara, or maiden's own choice, 67, 69, 117. Swedish East India Company, 174. Taj Mahal, the, built by Shah Jahan at Agra, 143. Talikot, battle of (1565), 112, 129. Tamerlane. See Timur. Tanjore, kingdom in Southern India, 177 ; annexed by the English, 196. Tantia Topi, ablest mutineer leader, defeated by Sir H. Rose, 227. Tapti river, 29. Tarai, the, 20. Tea, cultivation of, 37 ; crisis in the tea industry, 231. Teignmouth, Lord. See Shore, Sir John. Tenasserim annexed (1826), 206. Thagi suppressed, 207, 208. Thaneswar, Muhammad of Ghor defeated at (1191), 116. Thebau, king of Upper Burma, de- feated and dethroned (1885), 235. Tibeto-Burman, the non-Aryan or aboriginal tribes inhabiting the skirts of the Himalayas, 49. Tieffenthaler, Father, quoted on Af- ghan ravages in the eighteenth century, 152. Timiir's invasion of India and mas- sacre at Delhi (1398), 126. Tipii Sultan succeeds his father Haidar Ali (1782), 191 ; defeated by Lord Coinwallis (1790-92), 193 ,- his intrigues with the French, 194; defeated and killed at Se- rirtgapatam (1799), 196. Todar Mall, Raja, Akbar's finance minister, his revenue settlement, 135, 140 ; conquered Orissa (1574), 136. Towerson, Captain, murdered at Amboyna (1623), 170. Town and rural population of India, 36. Trade-guilds, caste as a system of, 97. 9 8 - Tughlak dynasty of Delhi, the (1320- 1414), 124-127. Turki invasions of India, the first (977 A.D.), 113. Twenty-four Parganas, Grant of the, to the East India Company (1757), 182, 183. Udaipur, Rajput dynasty of, refused to make alliance with Akbar, 135 ; defeated by Jahangir (1614), 140; attacked by Aurangzeb, 149. Udhnnala, battle of (1764), 184. Usrhan sends Arab expeditions to India (647 A.D.), 110. Vaishnavs, Hindu sect, 84. Vaisyas, the third or cultivating caste in the ancient Hindu organization,