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 INDEX. 253 Raghubd, pretender to the Maratha Peshwaship, 162, 190, 191. Raghuji Bhonsla invaded Bengal (1743), 159. Railways commenced in India by Lord Dalhoiisie, 216: extended by Lord Mayo, 232. Rainfall in the Himalayas, 20. Rajmahal hills in Bengal, 28. Rajputana reduced by Akbar, 135 ; devastated by Aurangzeb, 149 ; becomes independent (1715), 151 ; ravaged by Holkar, 198 ; States of, become feudatory to the British power, 204. Rajput resistance to Muhammadan invasions, 116-118, 120, 122, 123. Rama, the hero-god of the Rama- yana, 69-71. Rama, the seventh incarnation of Vishnu, 102. Ramanand, Vishnuite religious re- former (1800-1400 A.D.), 104. Ramanuja, Vishnuite religious re- former (1150 A.D.), 103, 104. Ramayana, Sanskrit epic relating the Aryan advance into Southern India, its story, 69-71. Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh kingdom (1780-1839), 213. Rawal Pindi, Darbar at (1885), 235. Raziya, empress of the Slave dy- nasty (1236-39), 120. Reh, saline crust brought down by the Indian rivers, 26. Religious bond of Hinduism, 98, 99. Rents, rise of, in overcrowded dis- tricts, 37. Revenue of Akbar, 139 ; of Jahan- gir, 140; of Shah Jahan, 143, 144; of Aurangzeb, 149, 150. Revenue Settlement of Bengal under Cornwallis (1793), 193. Rig-Veda, the earliest Sanskrit hymnal, 54-58. Rintimbur, taken by Ala-ud-din Khilji (1300), 122. Ripon, Marquess of, Viceroy (1880- 84), 234, 235 ; conclusion of the Afghan war, 234; measures for local self-government, 235. River plains of Northern India, 22- 27 ; work done by the rivers, 23, 24 ; the Bengal Delta, 24 ; rivers as land-makers, 24, 25 ; river es- tuaries, 25 ; rivers as irrigators and highways, 25, 26 ; rivers as destroyers, 26 ; crops and scenery of the northern river plains, 26, 27 ; of the Bengal Delta, 27. River system of the Himalayas, 21, 22; of the southern table-land, 29. Roberts, Gen. Lord, his victories at Kabul and Kandahar (1879-80), 234; commander-in-chief, 236. Rock edicts of Asoka, 79. Roe, Sir Thomas, his description of Jahangir, 141 ; sent as ambas- sador to India by James I, 1 70. Rohilkhand, ceded to the English (1801), 195. Rohillas, war with the (1774), 189. Rose, Sir Hugh (Lord Strathnairn), his campaign in Central India (1858-59), 227. Safed Koh mountains, offshoot of the Himalayan range in Afghan- istan, 19. Sagar island, religious festival at, 23- Sah dynasty (60-235 a.d.), 92. Sahu, grandson of Sivaji, left govern- ment of the Marathas to the Peshwa, 15S. Saints, Hindu book of, 99, 100. S&ka era, 92. Sakuntala, famous Sanskrit drama, 71, 72. Salar Jang, Sir, kept Haidarabad loyal in the Mutiny,' 225. Salbai, treaty of (17K2), 162, 191. Sale, Gen. Sir Robert, his defence of Jalalabad (1842), 211. Salivahana, King (78 A. D.), his wars with the Scythians, 92. Salsette ceded to the English by the treaty of Salbai, 162, 191. Sambhaji, son of Sivaji, ruled the Marathas (1680-89), put to death by Aurangzeb, 147, 158. Samvat era, 91. Sankara Acharya, Sivaite religious reformer, 100. Sanskrit language, 53, 63 ; litera- ture and science, 63-72. Santals, aboriginal hill tribe in Ben- gal, 45-47 ; their location and system of government, 45 ; social and religious ceremonies, 45, 46 ;