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Rh England through one of her Principal Secretaries of State, assisted by a Council of fifteen members. The Governor-General received the new title of Viceroy. The European troops of the Company, numbering about 24,000 officers and men, were amalgamated with the royal service, and the Indian navy was abolished. By the Indian Councils Act (1861), the Governor-General's Council, and also the Councils at Madras and Bombay, were augmented by the addition of non-official members, either Natives or Europeans, for legislative purposes only; and, by another Act passed in the same year, High Courts of Judicature were constituted out of the old Supreme Courts at the Presidency towns.

The literature of the Indian Mutiny is too copious, too recent, and still in too active a state of production to permit of its being safely summarized. The standard work is Kaye and Malleson's History of the Sepoy War and the Indian Mutiny (6 vols.). The original authorities are to be found in the official publications of the period; particularly the reports and evidence laid before Parliament; in the published personal journals and the Indian newspapers of the period, and in the numerous memoirs and biographies of the actors in the great drama. Among the last class may be mentioned especially Bosworth Smith's Life of Lord Lawrence; with the volumes by Sir Henry Cunningham on Lord Canning, by Sir Charles Aitchison on Lord Lawrence, and by Major-General Sir Owen Tudor Bume on Lord Clyde and Lord Strathnairn, in the 'Rulers of India' Series. Many questions connected with the period are still in dispute. The brief narrative which I have given in this chapter is based upon the carefully verified evidence of those who had the best opportunities of observing the facts and discerning the causes with their own eyes, and particularly of Sir John (afterwards Lord) Lawrence.