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 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE their customs, human sacrifices, &c, 47-49 ; the three great non- Aryan stocks, 49 ; character and future of the non-Aryans, 50 ; materials for reference, 51. CHAPTER IV. The Aryans in India ...-•• 5 2_ 73 The Aryan stock, 52 ; early Aryan conquests in Europe and Asia, 52 ; the Aryans in their primitive home in Western Asia, 53 ; the common origin of European and Indian religions, 53 ; and of the Indo-European languages, 53 ; Indo-Aryans on the march, 53, 54 ; the Rig-Veda, 54, 55 ; Aryan civilization in Veda, 55 ; Vedic gods, 55-57; a Vedic hymn, 57; Vedic literature, 58; the Brahmanas, 58, 59 ; the four castes formed, 59, 60 ; establishment of Brahman supremacy, 60 ; four stages of a Brahman's life, 60, 61 ; the modern Brahmans, 61, 63 ; Brahman theology — the Hindu Trinity, 62, 63 ; Brahman philosophy, literature, astronomy, medicine, music, law, poetry, 63-67 ; the epics of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, 67-71 ; later Sanskrit epics, 71 ; the Sanskrit drama and lyric poetry, 71, 72 ; materials for reference, 73. CHAPTER V. Buddhism in India (543 B.C. to 1000 a.d.). . « 74-84 Rise of Buddhism, 74 ; life of Gautama Buddha, 74-76 ; Buddha's doctrines, 76, 77 ; missionary aspects of Buddhism, 77, 78 ; early Buddhist councils, 78 ; Asoka's conversion to Buddhism, and its establishment as a State religion, 78, 79 ; his rock edicts, 79 ! Kanishka's council, 79, 80 ; rivalry of Buddhism and Brahmanism, 80, 81 ; Siladitya's council (634 A.D.), 81 ; great Buddhist monastery of Nalanda, 82; victory of Brahmanism (700 to 900 A.D.), 82; Buddhism an exiled religion from India (900 A. D.), 82, 83; the Jains the modern successors of the ancient Buddhists, 83 ; influence of Buddhism on modern Hinduism, 83, 84; materials for refer- ence, 84. CHA'PTER VI. The Greeks in India (327-161 b.c.) .... 85-89 Early Greek references to India, 85 ; Alexander the Great's campaign in the Punjab and Sind, 85-87; his successors, 87; Chandra Gupta's kingdom in Northern India, 87, 88 ; Megasthenes' description of India (300 B.C.), 88, 89; later Greek invasions, 89; materials for reference, 89.