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296 even any intelligent comprehension of the world whatever, is possible without a dissolution of the intuitions. Analysis is therefore an indispensable instrument of thought, even though, as Bergson has so effectively insisted, it must be practiced with critical precaution.

Bergson develops his concept of the soul as consisting of a memory synthesis in detail in his book Matière et Mémoire (1897). It is only sensation, not memory, that requires a material organ. Bergson thus substitutes a sort of dualism of sensation and memory for the usual distinction of soul and body, which is scarcely reconcilable with his theory of the continuity of psychical life. That is to say, he ascribes a practical significance to sensations, and hence, according to him, the whole body of natural science with its atomic theories and its similar spaces and times constitutes a great system of instruments by means of which we are enabled to assert our mastery over material nature

Philosophical discussion in France has in recent years been quite vigorous and significant. The Bulletin de la société française de philosophie furnishes the opportunity of following the progress of the refined and profound, at once personal and chivalrous, discussions of the younger French philosophers. Adolphus Levi: L'indeterminismo nella filosofia francese contemporanea (1905), furnishes a valuable comprehensive treatment of the whole movement in French philosophy in its relation to the concepts of causality and continuity.

3.

The critical philosophy had already to a certain degree regarded knowledge from the economico-biological view-point. Viewed from the standpoint of analytical method,