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 :* Virtual meetings, which are real-time meetings taking place over the Internet using integrated audio and video, chat tools, and application sharing.
 * Grid computing, which uses middleware to coordinate disparate IT resources across a network, allowing them to function as a virtual whole, providing remote access to IT assets and aggregating processing power.

Note: A version of the material in this appendix is available in a thematic paper:

ICT, Education, Development, and the Knowledge Society, prepared for GeSCI by Neil Butcher & Associates. This paper is available on: www.gesci.org/assets/files/ICT,%20Education,%20Development,%20and%20the%20Knowledge%20Society%281%29.pdf.