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 without limitation such that “the consequence of the incorporation by reference is virtually indistinguishable from a situation in which the standard had been expressly copied into law.” Id. at 452. Accordingly, “this factor weighs heavily in favor of fair use.” Id.
 * 1) * Third Factor : The incorporating regulation does not specify that only certain provisions of this standard are incorporated by reference into law, nor does it indicate which specific provisions of the standard are relevant for regulatory compliance, suggesting that “a greater amount of the standard’s text might be fairly reproduced.” Id.
 * 2) * Fourth Factor : Defendant’s reproductions have not had a “substantially adverse impact on the potential market for the originals,” nor have Plaintiffs shown by a preponderance of the evidence that there is a meaningful likelihood of future harm.” Memo Op. at 30–36 (internal quotation and citation marks omitted).
 * 3) * Conclusion : Defendant may fairly reproduce this incorporated standard in its entirety.
 * 4) NFPA 101 (2006): Life Safety Code:
 * 5) *The parties identify 38 C.F.R. § 51.200 (2010) as the incorporating by reference regulation, see Becker Decl. ¶ 57, Ex. 91; Wise Decl., Ex. 175, which relates to the “Physical environment” of a nursing home care facility and requires that the facility “must meet the applicable provisions of the National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 101, Life Safety Code (2006 edition), except that the requirement in paragraph 19.3.5.1 for all buildings containing nursing homes to have an automatic sprinkler system is not applicable until August 13, 2013, unless an automatic sprinkler system was previously required by the Life Safety Code and the NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities (2005 edition).” 38 C.F.R. § 51.200(a) (2010). The regulation also requires that an emergency power system “must be the appropriate type essential electrical system in accordance with the applicable provisions of the National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 101, Life Safety Code (2006 edition) and the NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities (2005 edition).” While the regulation specifies that one provision of NFPA 101 (2006) does not have legal import until a certain date, it does not specify that only that provision, or others, are incorporated by reference into law, nor does it indicate which specific provisions of NFPA 101 (2006) are relevant for compliance with the regulation.
 * 6) * First Factor : There is no indication that Defendant stands to profit from republishing this standard; Defendant’s apparent purpose is to inform the public about the law and facilitate public debate. See ASTM, 896 F.3d at 449; Def’s 2d Mot. at 16. Defendant’s “attempt to freely distribute standards incorporated by reference into law qualifie[s] as a use that further[s] the purposes of the fair use defense.” ASTM, 896 F.3d at 449. Further, the incorporated standard provides information essential for a private entity to comprehend its legal duties, which weighs heavily in favor of permitting Defendant’s reproduction. See ASTM, 896 F.3d at 450.
 * 7) * Second Factor : The “express text of the law falls plainly outside the realm of copyright protection.” ASTM, 896 F.3d at 451. Here, the standard is incorporated into law without limitation such that “the consequence of the incorporation by reference is virtually indistinguishable from a situation in which the standard had been expressly