Page:ASTM v. PRO (D.D.C. 2022).pdf/57

 recommendations in NFPA 14-2003 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems (incorporated by reference, see § 1915.5).
 * Neither regulation specifies that only certain provisions of NFPA 10 (2002) are incorporated by reference into law, nor do they indicate which specific provisions of NFPA 10 (2002) are relevant for compliance with the regulations.
 * 1) * First Factor : There is no indication that Defendant stands to profit from republishing this standard; Defendant’s apparent purpose is to inform the public about the law and facilitate public debate. See ASTM, 896 F.3d at 449; Def’s 2d Mot. at 16. Defendant’s “attempt to freely distribute standards incorporated by reference into law qualifie[s] as a use that further[s] the purposes of the fair use defense.” ASTM, 896 F.3d at 449. And while the standard is incorporated into Section 1915.507(b)(2) as a discretionary procedure, the court finds that the incorporated standard provides information essential for a private entity to comprehend its legal duties to comply with section 1915.507(b)(1), which weighs heavily in favor of permitting Defendant’s reproduction. See ASTM, 896 F.3d at 450.
 * 2) * Second Factor : The “express text of the law falls plainly outside the realm of copyright protection.” ASTM, 896 F.3d at 451. Here, the standard is incorporated into law without limitation such that “the consequence of the incorporation by reference is virtually indistinguishable from a situation in which the standard had been expressly copied into law.” Id. at 452. Accordingly, “this factor weighs heavily in favor of fair use.” Id.
 * 3) * Third Factor : The incorporating regulation does not specify that only certain provisions of this standard are incorporated by reference into law, nor does it indicate which specific provisions of the standard are relevant for regulatory compliance, suggesting that “a greater amount of the standard’s text might be fairly reproduced.” Id.
 * 4) * Fourth Factor : Defendant’s reproductions have not had a “substantially adverse impact on the potential market for the originals,” nor have Plaintiffs shown by a preponderance of the evidence that there is a meaningful likelihood of future harm.” Memo Op. at 30–36 (internal quotation and citation marks omitted).
 * 5) * Conclusion : Defendant may fairly reproduce this incorporated standard in its entirety.
 * 6) NFPA 13 (2002): Installation of Sprinkler Systems (Title of work on certificate of registration is “National Fire Codes Vol 1–12 and Master Index”):
 * 7) *The parties identify 29 C.F.R. § 1915.5 (2015) as the incorporating by reference regulation, see Becker Decl. ¶ 57, Ex. 91; Wise Decl., Ex. 175, which states that the incorporation by reference is “approved for § 1915.507(d).” See § 1915.5(i)(9). Section 1915.507(d), in turn, requires that when dealing with “Fixed extinguishing systems,” an employer must “select, install, maintain, inspect, and test all fixed systems required by OSHA,” including [a]utomatic sprinkler systems according to NFPA 25-2002 …, and either (i) NFPA 13-2002” or “(ii) NFPA 750-2003.” 29 C.F.R. § 1915.507(d). The regulation does not specify that only certain provisions of NFPA 13 (2002) are incorporated by reference into law, nor does it indicate which specific provisions of NFPA 13 (2002) are relevant for compliance with the regulation.
 * 8) * First Factor : There is no indication that Defendant stands to profit from republishing