Page:ASTM v. PRO (D.D.C. 2022).pdf/148

 that “a greater amount of the standard’s text might be fairly reproduced.” Id.
 * 1) * Fourth Factor : Defendant’s reproductions have not had a “substantially adverse impact on the potential market for the originals,” nor have Plaintiffs shown by a preponderance of the evidence that there is a meaningful likelihood of future harm.” Memo Op. at 30–36 (internal quotation and citation marks omitted).
 * 2) * Conclusion : Defendant may fairly reproduce this incorporated standard in its entirety.
 * 3) ASTM D512 1989 (1999):
 * 4) *Defendant identifies 40 C.F.R. § 136.3(a), Table IB (2010) as the incorporating by reference regulation. Becker Decl. ¶ 57, Ex. 90 at 73. Section 136.3(a) states that the “full text of the referenced test procedures are incorporated by reference” into Table IB. 40 C.F.R. § 136.3(a). Table IB references ASTM D512-89 (1999) (A), (B), and (C), apparent references to Test Methods A, B, and C, set forth in the standard. See ECF No. 199-3, Exhibit 149 Part 1 to Declaration of Jane W. Wise at 534–40. Accordingly, the regulation incorporates all three of the standard’s test procedures. The standard also includes background sections defining the standard’s scope, referenced documents, terminology, significance and use, purity of reagents, and sampling, as well as an appendix, none of which are explicitly incorporated into law. See id.
 * 5) * First Factor : There is no indication that Defendant stands to profit from republishing this standard; Defendant’s apparent purpose is to inform the public about the law and facilitate public debate. See ASTM, 896 F.3d at 449; Def’s 2d Mot. at 16. Defendant’s “attempt to freely distribute standards incorporated by reference into law qualifie[s] as a use that further[s] the purposes of the fair use defense.” ASTM, 896 F.3d at 449. Further, the incorporated standard provides information essential for a private entity to comprehend its legal duties, which weighs heavily in favor of permitting Defendant’s reproduction. See ASTM, 896 F.3d at 450.
 * 6) * Second Factor : The “express text of the law falls plainly outside the realm of copyright protection.” ASTM, 896 F.3d at 451. Here, the standard is only partially incorporated into law, such that Defendant’s wholesale reproduction is “harder to justify.” Id.
 * 7) * Third Factor : The incorporating regulation specifies that only specific portions of the standard are incorporated by reference into law, specifically, Test Procedures A, B, and C, which justifies posting the specific text of those provisions. Id. Those test procedures, however, constitute a substantial portion of the standard republished by Defendant. Moreover, copying and republishing the standard’s background sections and appendix “are reasonable in relation to the purpose of the copying.” Campbell, 510 U.S. at 586–87.
 * 8) * Fourth Factor : Defendant’s reproductions have not had a “substantially adverse impact on the potential market for the originals,” nor have Plaintiffs shown by a preponderance of the evidence that there is a meaningful likelihood of future harm.” Memo Op. at 30–36 (internal quotation and citation marks omitted).
 * 9) * Conclusion : Defendant may fairly reproduce this incorporated standard in its entirety.
 * 10) ASTM E11 (1995):
 * 11) *The parties identify 33 C.F.R. § 159.4 (2014) as the incorporating by reference