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 positions. President Trump even extended his order to former officials no longer employed by the federal government. This Administration-wide effort to prevent all witnesses from providing testimony was coordinated and comprehensive.

At President Trump’s direction, twelve current or former Administration officials refused to testify as part of the House’s impeachment inquiry, ten of whom did so in defiance of duly authorized subpoenas:


 * Mick Mulvaney, Acting White House Chief of Staff
 * Robert B. Blair, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the Chief of Staff
 * Ambassador John Bolton, Former National Security Advisor
 * John A. Eisenberg, Deputy Counsel to the President for National Security Affairs and Legal Advisor, National Security Council
 * Michael Ellis, Senior Associate Counsel to the President and Deputy Legal Advisor, National Security Council
 * Preston Wells Griffith, Senior Director for International Energy and Environment, National Security Council
 * Dr. Charles M. Kupperman, Former Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, National Security Council
 * Russell T. Vought, Acting Director, Office of Management and Budget
 * Michael Duffey, Associate Director for National Security Programs, Office of Management and Budget
 * Brian McCormack, Associate Director for Natural Resources, Energy, and Science, Office of Management and Budget
 * T. Ulrich Brechbuhl, Counselor, Department of State
 * Secretary Rick Perry, Department of Energy

These witnesses were warned that their refusal to testify “shall constitute evidence that may be used against you in a contempt proceeding” and “may be used as an adverse inference against you and the President.”

Despite President Trump’s orders that no Executive Branch employees should cooperate with the House’s impeachment inquiry, multiple key officials complied with duly authorized subpoenas and provided critical testimony at depositions and public hearings. These officials not only served their nation honorably, but they fulfilled their oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States.

In addition to the President’s broad orders seeking to prohibit all Executive Branch employees from testifying, many of these witnesses were personally directed by senior political appointees not to cooperate with the House’s impeachment inquiry. These directives frequently cited or enclosed copies of Mr. Cipollone’s October 8 letter conveying the President’s order not to comply.