Page:1922 Bretz Notebook.pdf/5

 CONSTRUCT PROFILES TO SHOW THE TWO CYCLE TOPOGRAPHY.A GRADIENTS OF RIRST CYCLE VALLEYS TUD MAX. DEPTHS OF SAME-GRADIENTS OF SECOND CYCLE CANYONS. SUMMIT LEVELS OF DIVIDES IN THE BASALT PLAIN COLORED CRAYON TO SHOW DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST CYCLE AND SECOND CYCLE STREAM OTHE COURSES. A HOUR TUS WWOOOW ARE TAD37-301 #35 YJNO BYHT NBRO 3419 HTROV BUSINESS PART OF TOWN IN ORD 0-W RR FROM COLFAX TO PULLMAN WHOLLY IN SECOND CYCLE CANYON. SAME. STATE COLLEGE ON THE BRINK. MANY HILLS OF FIRST CYCLE SEEM SMADLER AND MORE CLOSELY SET THAN ABOUT ROCKFORD, FAIRFIELD, TEKOA, FARMINGTON AND CARFIELD. COLFAX TO ROSALLA AUG. 4 1922 PALOUSE RIVER VALLEY BELOW JCT OF SOUTH FORK AT COLFAX IS STRIKINGLY WALLED WITH BLACK BEETLING CLIFFS AND ESCARPMENTS. VO ONE THINKS OF THE JOHN DAY VALLEY BELOW CLARNO, EXCEPT FOR PROPORTIONS. AND MAP SHOWS CONTINUATION OF THIS CANYON BEYOND WESTERN LIMITS OF PULLMAN QUAD. AT SUMMIT IN INLAND EMPIRE ELECTRIC RR WEST OF STEPTOE BUTTE, THERE ARE MANY SHORT HILLS ON THE LOWER SLOPES OF THE LONG CONCAVE PROFILES OF THE BASALT TOPOGRAPHY. THE RR. CUT'S SHOW THESE SHORT HILLS BO BE HELMER SILT LOAM TO THE VERY BOTTOM. HE HERE APPARENTLY IS EVIDENCE OF A PREVIOUSLY MUCH DEEPER LOESSIAL MANTLE, NOW BEING REMOVED BY EROSION. 20WA RAHIH MORA H LOESSIAL MANTLE GOES UP ON FLANK OF STEPTOE BUT BECOMES MINGLED WITH QTZITIC DEBRIS. MUCH AS ON TEKOA MTN. VALLEY OF PALOUSE RIVER AT COLFAX HAS CONVEX SLOPES, AS DO ALL THESE SECOND CYCLE VALLEYS. BUT A VIEW FROM THE TOP OF THE HILLS SHOWS THE SLOPES OF THE OLDER FIRST CYCLE VALLEY, SLOPES CONCAVE, DESCENDING TO THE BRINK OF THE CANYON. VERY STRIKING.A REMNANTS OF FIRST CYCLE VALLEY FLOOR RECOGNIZED ALL THE WAY BETWEEN PULLMAN AND COLFAX.AD 383HT *# 2310

AUG. 5 SATURDAY.

SOIL SOMEWHAT MORE BROWN THAN HELMER TYPE AND MORE FRIABLE. NOT MORE THAN A VENEER ON THE WEST SLOPE OF PINE CREEK VALLEY AT ROSALIA. BASALT LEDGES PLAINLY SHOWING ON THE SLOPES. BASALT HILL LAND WEST OF ROSALIA HAS ABOUT 300 FT RELIEF, MORE THAN IN TEKOA REGION. NO STEPOES. OF VALLEY NORTH OF PINE CREEK CONTAINS A CONSIDERABLE GRAVEL FILLING. THICKNESS AT LEAST 30 FT. COMPOSED OF COARSE SUBANGULAR AND ROUNDED BASALT GRAVEL, BECOMING FINER ABOUT MALDEN. A FEW GRANITES AND QUARTZITES FOUND, ONE ROUNDED GRANITE IN THE GRAVEL DE BOS IT 2 1/2 AALE FEET MAXIMUM DIAMETER. A GREAT DEAL OF BOULDERY BASALT, ANGULAR TO SUBANGULAR, APPARENTLY FROM NEARBY CLIFFS AND TRANSPORTED BUT A SHORT DISTANCE DOWN THE VALLEY. POORLY SORTED, POORLY TERRACED. MUCH OF IT LOOKS LIKE HUGE BAR DEPOSITS IN A GREAT STREAM WHICH COVERED THE ENTIRE VALLEY BOTTOM TO A DEPTH OF SOME TENS OF FEET. A ROCKY SPUR AT JCT OF NORTH PINE CREEK AND PINE CREEK, 40 FEET ABOVE THE CREEK, HAS A STEEPWALLED CHANNEL CUT ACROSS IT, IN WHICH NORTH PINE CREEKK NOW FLOWS, ALTHO THE VALLEY IS OPEN TO THE EAST.

THIS IS EXPLICABLE ONLY IF THE ENTIRE VALLEY BE FILLED BY A GREAT STREAM WHOSE MAIN CURRENT WOULD