Page:1922 Bretz Notebook.pdf/4

 HELMER SILT LOAM ON EAST SIDE TEKOA APPARENTLY A LOESS. THBUFF COLOR INSTEAD OF BROWN AND BLACK, AS ARE THE PALOUSE SOILS.TANT C.M. & STP RR CUTS 30-40 FT DEEP EAST OF TEKOA DO NOT NONE IN STREAM BEDS EITHER. APPARENTLY A DEEPER SOIL THAN THE PALOUSE SOIL WEST OF TEKOA AT FAIRFIELD WHERE LEDGES OF BASALT AND BASALTIC RUBBLE ARE EXROSED IN THE LOWER SLOPES OF THE MATURE VALLEY. W OFTWARD 3000M HOT RO TEOW JIN BRITVE IT ADIM TA EXPOSE BED ROCK. PALOUSE SOIL GOES UP ON SLOPES OF TEKOA BUT IS MINGLED WITH ANGULAR FRAGMENTS OF THE ARGILLITE DOES FORMER PRESENCE OF AND QUARTZITE. BAHWHY THE BUFF-COLORED HELMER SOIL ON EAST OF TEKOA? A FOREST HERE EXPLA IN THE DIFFERENCE? FOREST ON EAST AND PRAIRIE ON WEST DURING ACCUMULATION OF THE LOESSIAL DEPOSITS. PRAIRIE GRASSES YIELD DEEPER HUMUS SOIL THAN FOREST VEGETAL ACCUMULATIONS. HYPOTHESIS

HENCE THE BROWN (CARBONACEOUS) COLOR OF THE PALOUSE TYPE. TW HOITAO MOUNDS ON ARGILLITE AND QTZITE DEBRIS IN SEVERAL PLACES ON TEKOA.EUFF, NOT BROWN SOIL. NOT CLOSELY SPACED BUT OTHERWISE TYPICAL. TUB BARE OR FLOORED WITH ANGULAR ROCK FRAGMENTS BETWEEN. NO ROCK FRAGMENTS IN THE MOUNDS. MOTT TEKOA TOWN IN FLOOR AND ON SLOPES OF SECOND CYCLE VALLEY (ENTRENCHED) AT BROADER PLACE WHERE TWO CREEKS JOIN. RR.CLIMBS (0-W) OUT TO THE SOUTH IN TWO OR THREE MILES AND THENCE TO A POINT BEYOND GARFIELD IS UP ON THE MATURE FIRST CYCLE TOPOGRAPHY WITH PLENTY OF HILLS OF ODEBR ROCK TO THE EAST AND SOME TO THE WEST. THESE HILLS ARE SPURS AND OOVIDES OF THE IDAHO PRE-BASALT MTS. THEY ARE RIDGES AND GROUPS OF RIDGES LARGELY. OT SUCH PEAKS AS STEPTOE, GRANITE, ETC., ARE EXCEPTIONS. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE BASALT TO THESE FOOTHILLS, I.E. THE FLOODING BACK IN THE VALLEYS AND OVER THE LOWER SLOPES OF THE IDAHO MTS IS THE SAME THING WHICH LINDGREN DESCRIBS FOR THE CONTACT TO THE SOUTHEAST IN IDAHO. OF IDAHO HAD BEEN UPLIFTED AND DISSECTED BEFORE MIOCENE TIME. UROS OT 1819 30rvid A IT MEANS THAT IF THE BASALT IS MIOCENE, THE PENE PLAIN THE SPOKANE LEAF-BEDS, IN SP AND S CUT, ARE IN ALL PROBABILITY IN THE BASALT FORMATION. KNOWLTON SAYS MIOCENE, AFTER CURSORY EXAMINATION. AARO YRARBOROT BRUTA YHV

NOW, IF THE TRACE OF A PENE PLAIN WILL REMAIN ON THE SUMMITS OF A MOUNTAIN RANGE FROM EARLY MIOCENE TIME, AND THE STEPTOES WILL REMAIN ABOVE THE LAVA PLAIN AROUND THEM WHILE THAT PLAIN GOES TO MATURITY, THEN IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE THAT ANY PENEPLA IN UPLIFTED, WHATEVER ITS CLIMATE,

COULD BE ERODED SINCE PLIOCENE TIME TO A RUGGED RANGE LIKE THE CASCADES. THIS IS A SEVERE CHECK ON THE CASCADES PLIOCENE PENE PLAIN. NONE OF THE BROWN HELMER SILT LOAM IN EVERY SECTION OF SOIL FROM TEKOA TO GARFIEED. TO BLACK SOIL EXCEPT FOR THE UPPER FOOT OR SO. BASALT FAIRLY CLOSE TO SURFACE, PLENTY OF EXPOSURE ON LOWER SLOPES, BUT NO LEDGES. VALLEY AT FARMINGTON A MILE WIDE, YET ONLY A GRIBUTARY VALLEY IN THE FIRST CYCLE TOPOGRAPHY. EXPLANATION MUST LIE IN LOCAL NARROWS DOWNSTREAM, ACCORDING TO MAP, THO STILL IN FIRST CYCLE. CONDITIONS. SAME FOR REBEL FLAT AND SPRING FLAT SOUTH OF COLFAX. (SEE AUG 31 1923) LEDGES ON ALMOST RR ENTERS SECOND CYCLE CANYON AFTER CROSSING DIVIDE SOUTH OF GARFIELD. IN FAVORABLE PLACES, ALL SLOPES, CLIFFS FOR HALF THE TOTAL CANYON DEPTH JUST ABOVE ELBERTON. HELMER SIDE LOAM ACCUMULATIONS 10-20 FT DEEP IN THE CANYON. THE PALOUSE RIVER CANYON HAS AN TS MINOR TRIBS ARE ESSENTIALLY HANGING ABOVE PRESENT ENTRENCHED MEANDERING CO RSE HERE. CANYON FLOOR.