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 Chap. XL] OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 271 condemned to domestic slavery, they maintained, with their sword or dagger, the private quarrel of their masters ; and it was found expedient for the public tranquillity to prohibit the service of such dangerous retainers. When their countryman Tarcalissaeus or Zeno ascended the throne, he invited a faithful and formidable band of Isaurians, who insulted the court and city, and were rewarded by an annual tribute of five thousand pounds of gold. But the hopes of fortune depopulated the mountains, luxury enervated the hardiness of their minds and bodies, and, in proportion as they mixed with mankind, they became less qualified for the enjoyment of poor and solitary freedom. After the death of Zeno, his successor Anastasius suppressed their pensions, exposed their persons to the revenge of the people, banished them from Constantinople, and prepared to sustain a war, which left only the alternative of victory or servitude. A brother of the last emperor usurped the title of Augustus, his cause was powerfully supported by the arms, the treasures, and the magazines, collected by Zeno ; and the native Isaurians must have formed the smallest portion of the hundred and fifty thousand Barbarians under his standard, which was sanctified, for the first time, by the presence of a fighting bishop. Their disorderly numbers were vanquished in the plains of [Battle of Phrygia by the valour and discipline of the Goths ; but a war A.D. J 492j m ' of six years almost exhausted the courage of the emperor. 123 The Isaurians retired to their mountains ; their fortresses were a.d. 492-498 successively besieged and ruined ; their communication with the sea was intercepted ; the bravest of their leaders died in arms ; the surviving chiefs, before their execution, were dragged in chains through the hippodrome ; a colony of their youth was transplanted into Thrace, and the remnant of the people sub- mitted to the Koman government. Yet some generations elapsed before their minds were reduced to the level of slavery. afford a pretence, but Zeno was desirous of monopolizing the valour and service of the Isaurians. 123 The Isaurian war and the triumph of Anastasius are briefly and darkly re- presented by John Malala (torn. ii. p. 106, 107 [and some of the Escurial frags, pub- lished by Mommsen, Hermes, vi. p. 371]), Evagrius (1. iii. c. 35 [whose account is taken from Eustathius of Epiphania]), Theophanes (p. 118-120), and the Chronicle of Marcellinus. [Also : Josua Stylites (who is however mainly valuable for the Isaurians under Zeno) ; John of Antioch, frags, ap. Miiller, vols. iv. and v. ; Theo- doras Lector. The notioes of Theophanes are derived from Malalas. The best and fullest account of the Isaurian episode under Leo, Zeno, and Anastasius, is given by E. W. Brooks, in English Historical Review, 1893, p. 209 sqq.]