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 Chap. XL] OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 239 could only use it for the public destruction. A military force, which had been dispatched to the aid of the civil magistrate, was fiercely encountered by an armed multitude, whose numbers and boldness continually increased ; and the Heruli, the wildest Barbarians in the service of the empire, overturned the priests and their relics, which, from a pious motive, had been rashly interposed to separate the bloody conflict. The tumult was exasperated by this sacrilege, the people fought with enthusiasm in the cause of God ; the women, from the roofs and windows, showered stones on the heads of the soldiers, who darted firebrands against the houses ; and the various flames, which had been kindled by the hands of citizens and strangers, spread without control over the face of the city. The conflagration involved the cathedral of St. Sophia, the baths of Zeuxippus, a part of the palace, from the first entrance to the altar of Mars, and the long portico from the palace to the forum of Constantine ; a large hospital, with the sick patients, was consumed ; many churches and stately edifices were destroyed, and an immense treasure of gold and silver was either melted or lost. From such scenes of horror and distress, the wise and wealthy citizens escaped over the Bosphorus to the Asiatic side ; and during five days Constantinople was abandoned to the factions, whose watch-word, Nika, vanquish ! has given a name to this memorable sedition. 53 As long as the factions were divided, the triumphant blues T he ais- T -111- • tre 8SOf and desponding greens appeared to behold with the same mdif- Justinian ference the disorders of the state. They agreed to censure the corrupt management of justice and the finance; and the two responsible ministers, the artful Tribonian and the rapacious John of Cappadocia, were loudly arraigned as the authors of the public misery. The peaceful murmurs of the people would have been disregarded : they were heard with respect when the city was in flames ; the quaestor and the praefect were instantly re- moved, and their offices were filled by two senators of blameless integrity. After this popular concession, Justinian proceeded to the hippodrome to confess his own errors and to accept the [Sunday, L Jan. 18] 53 The history of the Nika sedition is extracted from Marcellinus (in Chron.), Proeopius (Persic. 1. i. e. 26), John Malala (torn. ii. p. 213-218 [p. 473 sqq., ed. Bonn]), Chron. Paschal, (p. 336-340 [p. 620 sqq., ed. Bonn]), Theophanes (Chrono- graph, p. 154-158 [181-6, ed. de Boor]), and Zonaras (1. xiv. p. 61-63 [c. 6]). [See Appendix 12.]