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 Chap, xxxix] OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 215 since he was deprived by Theodoric of the means of justification, and rigorously confined in the tower of Pavia, while the senate, at the distance of five hundred miles, pronounced a sentence of confiscation and death against the most illustrious of its mem- bers. At the command of the Barbarians, the occult science of a philosopher was stigmatized with the names of sacrilege and magic. 109 A devout and dutiful attachment to the senate was condemned as criminal by the trembling voices of the senators themselves ; and their ingratitude deserved the wish or prediction of Boethius, that, after him, none should be found guilty of the same offence. 110 While Boethius, oppressed with fetters, expected eachms moment the sentence or the stroke of death, he composed himentand the tower of Pavia the Consolation of Philosophy : a golden 524 volume not unworthy of the leisure of Plato or Tully, but which claims incomparable merit from the barbarism of the times and the situation of the author. The celestial guide, whom he had so long invoked at Eome and Athens, now condescended to illumine his dungeon, to revive his courage, and to pour into his wounds her salutary balm. She taught him to compare his long prosperity and his recent distress, and to conceive new hopes from the inconstancy of fortune. Keason had informed him of the precarious condition of her gifts; experience had satisfied him of their real value ; he had enjoyed them without guilt ; he might resign them without a sigh, and calmly disdain the impotent malice of his enemies, who had left him happiness, since they had left him virtue. From the earth, Boethius ascended to heaven in search of the supreme good; explored the metaphysical labyrinth of chance and destiny, of prescience Cassiodorius, which likewise mention Decoratus (v. 31), the worthless colleague of Boethius (1. iii. pros. 4, p. 193). [On the contrary we derive a favourable impression from Cassiodorus as to the character of the accusers Cyprian and Opilio, and also as to Decoratus. Cp. Var. viii. 17 ; v. 3, 4. Hodgkin, iii. 543 sqq.~] 109 A severe inquiry was instituted into the crime of magic (Var. iv. 22, 23 ; ix. 18) ; and it was believed that many necromancers had escaped by making their gaolers mad : for mad, I should read drunk. [The condemnation of Boethius and Symmachus had nothing to do with religion, so that they are in no sense martyrs.] 110 Boethius had composed his own Apology (p. 53), perhaps more interesting than his Consolation. We must be content with the general view of his honours, principles, persecution, &o. (1. i. pros. iv. p. 42-62), which may be compared with the short and weighty words of the Valesian Fragment (p. 723 [§ 85]). An anonymous writer (Sinner, Catalog. Mss. Bibliot. Bern. torn. i. p. 287) charges him home with honourable and patriotic treason.