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 chap, xxxix] OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 201 imperial prerogative. 64 His addresses to the eastern throne were respectful and ambiguous ; he celebrated in pompous style the harmony of the two republics, applauded his own govern- ment as the perfect similitude of a sole and undivided empire, and claimed above the kings of the earth the same pre-eminence which he modestly allowed to the person or rank of Anastasius. The alliance of the East and West was annually declared by the unanimous choice of two consuls ; but it should seem that the Italian candidate who was named by Theodoric accepted a formal confirmation from the sovereign of Constantinople. 05 The Gothic palace of Eavenna reflected the image of the court of Theodosius or Valentinian. The praetorian praefect, the prae- fect of Eome, the quaestor, the master of the offices, with the public and patrimonial treasurers, whose functions are painted in gaudy colours by the rhetoric of Cassiodorius, still continued to act as the ministers of state. And the subordinate care of justice and the revenue was delegated to seven consulars, three correctors, and five presidents, who governed the fifteen regions of Italy, according to the principles and even the forms of Eoman jurisprudence. 66 The violence of the conquerors was abated or eluded by the slow artifice of judicial proceedings ; the civil administration with its honours and emoluments was confined to the Italians ; and the people still preserved their dress and language, their laws and customs, their personal freedom, and two-thirds of their landed property. It had been 64 The image of Theodoric is engraved on his coins : his modest successors were satisfied with adding their own name to the head of the reigning emperor (Muratori, Antiquitat. Italiaa Medii iEvi, torn. ii. dissert, xxvii. p. 577-579. Giannone, Istoria Civile di Napoli, torn. i. p. 166). [Neither Theodoric nor any of his successors put his own effigy on his gold or silver coins. On silver coins of Theodoric we find on obverse the image of the Emperor ; on reverse Theodoric's monogram with cross and star, and INVICTA ROMA. But there is a copper coin of Theodahat with his bust.] 65 The alliance of the emperor and the king of Italy are [leg. is] represented by Cassiodorius (Var. i. 1 ; ii. 1, 2, 3 ; vi. i.) and Proeopius (Goth. 1. ii. c. 6 ; 1. iii. c. 21), who celebrate the friendship of Anastasius and Theodoric ; but the figurative style of compliment was interpreted in a very different sense at Constantinople and Eavenna. [For the relation of the Ostrogothic monarchy to the Empire, see Appendix 7.] 66 To the xvii provinces of the Notitia, Paul Warnefrid the deacon (De Eeb. Longobard. 1. ii. c. 14-22) has subjoined an xviiith, the Apennine (Muratori, Script. Rerum Italicarum, torn. i. p. 431-433). But of these Sardinia and Corsica were possessed by the Vandals, and the two Bhsetias, as well as the Cottian Alps, seem to have been abandoned to a military government. The state of the four provinces that now form the kingdom of Naples is laboured by Giannone (torn. i. p. 172, 178) with patriotic diligence.