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 xii CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME CHAPTER XLIV Idea of Die Roman Jurisprudence — The Laws of the Kings — The Twelve Tables of the Decemvirs — The Laws of the People — The Decrees of the Senate — The Edicts of the Magistrates and Emperors — Authority of the Civilians — Code, Pan- dects, Novels, and Institutes of Justinian : — I. Bights of Persons — II. Rights of Things — III. Private Injuries and Actions — IV. Crimes and Punish- ments a.d. page The Civil or Roman Law 470 Laws of the Kings of Rome 471 The Twelve Tables of the Decemvirs 473 Their Character and Influence 475 Laws of the People 476 Decrees of the Senate ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 478 Edicts of the Praetors 478 The Perpetual Edict 479 Constitutions of the Emperors 480 The Legislative Power 481 Their Rescripts 482 Forms of the Roman Law 483 Succession of the Civil Lawyers 484 [a.u.c] 303-648 The first Period 485 [a.u.c] 648-988 Second Period 485 [a.u.c] 988-1230 Third Period 486 Their Philosophy 486 Authority 488 Sects 489 527 Reformation of the Roman Law by Justinian 491 527-546 Tribonian 492 528-529 The Code of Justinian 493 530-533 The Pandects or Digest 494 Praise and Censure of the Code and Pandects ... ... ... ... 495 Loss of the ancient Jurisprudence 497 Legal Inconstancy of Justinian ... ... ... ... ... ... 499 534 Seoond Edition of the Code 499 534-565 The Novels 500 533 The Institutes 500 I. Of Persons. Freemen and Slaves ... ... ... ... ... 501 Fathers and Children 503 Limitations of the paternal Authority ... ... ... ... ... 504 Husbands and Wives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 507 The religious Rites of Marriage 507 Freedom of the matrimonial Contract ... ... ... ... ... 508 Liberty and Abuse of Divorce 509 Limitations of the Liberty of Divorce 510 Incest, Concubines, and Bastards 511 Guardians and Wards 514 H. Of Things. Right of Property 515 Of Inheritance and Succession 518 Civil DegreeB of Kindred 519 Introduction and Liberty of Testaments 520 Legacies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 522 Codicils and Trusts 522 III. Of Actions 523 Promises ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 524 Benefits 525 Interest of Money ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 526 Injuries 527