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 100 THE DECLINE AND FALL [Chap, xxxvii treatment of his bride ; and he was gradually persuaded that Ingundis suffered for the cause of divine truth. Her tender complaints and the weighty arguments of Leander, archbishop of Seville, accomplished his conversion ; and the heir of the Gothic monarchy was initiated in the Nicene faith by the solemn rights of confirmation. 131 The rash youth, inflamed by zeal, and perhaps by ambition, was tempted to violate the duties of a son, and a subject ; and the Catholics of Spain, although they could not complain of persecution, applauded his pious rebellion against an heretical father. The civil war was protracted by the long and obstinate sieges of Merida, Cordova, and Seville, which had strenuously espoused the party of Hermenegild. He invited the orthodox Barbarians, the Suevi, and the Franks, to the destruction of his native land ; he solicited the dangerous aid of the Romans, who possessed Africa and a part of the Spanish coast ; and his holy ambas- sador, the archbishop Leander, effectually negotiated in person with the Byzantine court. But the hopes of the Catholics were crushed by the active diligence of a monarch who com- manded the troops and treasures of Spain ; and the guilty Hermenegild, after his vain attempts to resist or to escape, was compelled to surrender himself into the hands of an incensed father. Leovigild was still mindful of that sacred character ; and the rebel, despoiled of the regal ornaments, was still permitted, in a decent exile, to profess the Catholic religion. His repeated and unsuccessful treasons at length provoked the indignation of the Gothic king ; and the sentence of death, which he pronounced with apparent reluctance, was privately executed in the tower of Seville. 132 The inflexible constancy with which he refused to accept the Arian communion, as the price of his safety, may excuse the honours that have been paid to the memory of St. Hermenegild. His wife and infant son were detained by the Romans in ignominious captivity; and this domestic misfortune tarnished the glories of Leovigild, and embittered the last moments of his life. 131 The Catholics who admitted the baptism of heretics repeated the rite, or, as it was afterwards styled, the sacrament, of confirmation, to which they ascribed many mystic and marvellous prerogatives, both visible and invisible. See Chardon, Hist, des Sacr^mens, torn. i. p. 405-552. 1:,a [Hermenigild was besieged in Seville, captured in Cordova, and executed in Tarragona ; see John of Biclarura, ed. Mommsen, Chron. Min. ii. p. 217 ; and one Ms. of Isidore, ib,, p. 287.]