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 82 THE DECLINE AND FALL [Chap, xxxvii worthy to be ranked among the inventors of useful arts, who have deserved the remembrance and gratitude of posterity. A great number of Roman provincials had been led away into captivity by the Gothic bands who ravaged Asia in the time of Gallienus ; and of these captives, many were Christians, and several belonged to the ecclesiastical order. Those involuntary missionaries, dispersed as slaves in the villages of Dacia, suc- cessively laboured for the salvation of their masters. The seeds, which they planted, of the evangelic doctrine, were gradually propagated ; and before the end of a century, the pious work was achieved by the labours of Ulphilas, whose ancestors had been transported beyond the Danube from a small town of Cappadocia. uiphiias, Ulphilas, the bishop and apostle of the Goths, 75 acquired their th^°Goths. love and reverence by his blameless life and indefatigable zeal ; a.d.360, an( j f^gy received, with implicit confidence, the doctrines of truth and virtue which he preached and practised. He executed the arduous task of translating the Scriptures into their native tongue, a dialect of the German or Teutonic language ; but he prudently suppressed the four books of Kings, as they might tend to irritate the fierce and sanguinary spirit of the Bar- barians. The rude, imperfect, idiom of soldiers and shepherds, so ill-qualified to communicate any spiritual ideas, was improved and modulated by his genius ; and Ulphilas, before he could frame his version, was obliged to compose a new alphabet of twenty-four letters ; four of which he invented, to express the peculiar sounds that were unknown to the Greek, and Latin, pronunciation. 76 But the prosperous state of the Gothic church was soon afflicted by war and intestine discord, and the chief- tains were divided by religion as well as by interest. Fritigern, 75 On the subject of Ulphilas, and the conversion of the Goths, see Sozomen, 1. vi. c. 37. Socrates, 1. iv. c. 33. Theodoret, 1. iv. c. 37. Philostorg. 1. ii. c. 5. The heresy of Philostorgius appears to have given him superior means of informa- tion. [The notices of Socrates and Sozomen have been shown, with much proba- bility, to be derived entirely from Philostorgius ; Jeep, Quellenuntersuchungen, p. 149. For the life of Ulphilas by Auxentius see Appendix 4.] 78 A mutilated copy of the four gospels, in the Gothic version, was published a.d. 1665, and is esteemed the most ancient monument of the Teutonic language, though Wetstein attempts, by some frivolous conjectures, to deprive Ulphilas of the honour of the work. [The Codex Argenteus, preserved at Upsala. It is ascribed to the 5th century.] Two of the four additional letters express the W and our own Th. See Simon, Hist. Critique du Nouveau Testament, torn. ii. p. 219- 223. Mill, Prolegom. p. 151, edit. Kuster. Wetstein, Prolegom. torn. i. p. 114. [See Appendix 4.]