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 SOME CONTKIBUTORS TO NEW VOLUMES OF ‘ ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA ’ KHNOPFF, Fernand: chevalier de 1’ordre de Leopold, de St Michel de Baviere; VicePres. de Cercle artistique et litt4raire de Bruxelles, etc. (F. k*.) KIDD, Benjamin; formerly of Inland Revenue Department; author of ‘Social Evolution,’ 1894 (translations : German, 1895 ; Swedish, 1895 ; French, 1896; Russian, 1897; Italian, 1898; Czech, 1900 ; Danish, 1900); The Control of the Tropics, 1898. (B. K) KIRK, Edward C., D.D.S.; Dean of the Department of Dentistry, and Professor of Clinical Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania ; Member of the National Dental Association and the American Academy of Dental Science; editor of ‘ The American Text-book of Operative Dentistry,’ and of ‘The Dental Cosmos’ Magazine. (E. C. K.) KNIGHT, Major John G. D., Corps of Engineers, U.S.A., A.M.; Commandant U.S. Engineer School; in charge of U.S. Engineer Depot, 1895 -1901, of Torpedo Defence, E. entrance N.Y. Harbour, 1898-1901 ; on Board of U.S. Torpedo System, 1896-1901. (J. G. D. K.) KNOTT, Cargill Gilston, D.Sc.; Lecturer on Applied Mathematics, Edinburgh University ; Assistant to Professor of Natural Philosophy, Edinburgh University, 1879 - 83; Prof, of Physics, Imperial University, Japan, 1883-91 ; conducted Magnetic Survey of Japan, 1887; awarded Keith Prize (Roy. Soc. Edin.) for work on magnetic strains, 1897; author of ‘Ice,’ ‘Pneumatics,’ in Ninth Edition of ‘ Ency. Brit., ‘ Physics,’ etc. (C. G-. K.) KNOWLING, Richard John, D.D.; Professor of New Testament Exegesis in King’s College, London, 1894 ; Fellow, 1899 ; Examiner for Hall-Houghton Prizes at Oxford, 1897, and in Theology at Durham, 1895-96; Select Preacher at Cambridge, 1895; author of ‘ Witness of the Epistles,’ ‘ Acts of the Apostles,’ etc. (R. J. K*.) KOREN, John; author of ‘Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem,’ etc. (J. K.) KRAUS, Professor Dr F. X., the late; Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Freiburg in Bresigau. (F. X. K.) KROPOTKIN, Prince Peter Alexei vitch; Gold Medal of Russian Geographical Society, 1864; crossed North Manchuria from Transbaikalia to the Amur, 1864; Secretary to Physical Geography Section of Geographical Society; author of ‘Lithuanians,’ ‘NijniNovgorod,’‘NovaZembla,’ ‘Poland,’ ‘Siberia,’ ‘Tomsk,’ ‘ Warsaw, ’ etc., in Ninth Edition of ‘Ency. Brit.,’ ‘General Sketch of the Orography of East Siberia,’ ‘ In Russian and French Prisons,’ ‘ Recent Science in Nineteenth Century,’ ‘ The State, its Part in History,’ ‘ Memoirs of a Revolutionist.’ (P. A. K.) L IiABBE, Alphonse, Docteur es sciences ; chief of the Laboratory of Zoology, University of Paris ; author of ‘ La Cytologie experimentale,’ ‘ Recherches zoologiques et biologiques sur les parasites du sang des vertebres,’ etc. (A. L*.) LAMB, Horace, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.; Chairman of Convocation, and of the General Board of Studies, Victoria University; Professor of Mathematics, Owens Coll., Victoria Univ., Manchester ; member of Council of the Royal Society, 1894-96; President of the Manchester Literary and Philqsophical Society, 1899-1901 ; Fellow and Assistant Tutor, Trinity Coll., Camb., 1872-75 ; Professor of Mathematics, University of Adelaide, 1875-85 ; author of ‘Motion of Fluids,’ ‘Hydrodynamics,’ ‘Infinitesimal Calculus.’ (H. Lb.) LANE-POOLE, Stanley, M.A., Litt.D.; Professor of Arabic at Trin. Coll. Dublin; employed in Coin Department of British Museum, 1874-92 ; sent by Government on archaeological missions to Egypt, 1883, and Russia, 1886; employed by Egyptian Government on archaeological research at Cairo, 1895-97 ; corr. member of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society ; lecturer at the Royal Institution, 1900 ; author of ‘ Catalogue of the Oriental andlndian Coins in the British Museum,’ ‘ Lord Stratford de Redcliffe,’ ‘E. W. Lane,’ ‘Saladin,’ ‘Histories of the Moors in Spain,’ ‘ Turkey,’ ‘ The Barbary Corsairs,’ ‘The Mahommedan Dynasties,’ ‘The Mogul Emperors,’ ‘ Egypt in the Middle Ages,’ ‘Egypt,’ ‘The Art of the Saracens of Egypt,’ ‘Cairo,’ etc., edited ‘Lane’s Arabic Lexicon,’ ‘ Arabian Society in the Middle Ages,’ ‘ Life of General Chesney.’ (S. L.-P.) LANESSAN, J. M. A. de; Agr. de la faculty de Medicine; French Minister of Marine; formerly Governor - General of Indo-China; author of ‘La Tunisie,’ ‘L’expansion colonials de la France,’ ‘ LTndo - Chine franqaise,’ ‘ Du Protoplasms v6g6tal,’ ‘La Matiere, la Vie et les etres vivants.’ " (J. M. A. de L.)

LANG, Andrew, M.A., LL.D. ; Hon. Fellow of Merton Coll., Oxford; author of ‘Apparitions,’ ‘Ballad,’ ‘Family,’ ‘Moliere,’ in Ninth Edition of ‘ Ency. Brit., ’ ‘ Oxford, ’ ‘ Helen of Troy,’ ‘Custom and Myth,’ ‘Myth, Ritual, and Religion,’ ‘Life, Letters, and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote,’ ‘ Pickle the Spy,’ ‘The Book of Dreams and Ghosts,’ Translations of ‘ Odyssey ’ (with Professor Butcher), and ‘Iliad’ (with Myers and Walter Leaf); ‘The World’s Desire’ (with Rider Haggard), ‘The Making of Religion,’ ‘The Companions of Pickle,’ ‘ A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation,’ ‘ Prince Charles Edward,’ ‘ Magic and Religion,’ ‘The Mystery of Mary Stuart,’ etc. (A. L.) LANG, W. H., M.B., D.Sc.; lecturer in botany, Queen Margaret’s Coll., Glasgow; author of ‘Memoirs on Morphology,’ ‘The Development of the Higher Cryptogams,’ etc. (W. H. L.) LANKESTER, Edwin Ray, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. ; Hon. Fellow of Exeter Coll., Oxford; Correspondent of the Institute of France; Director of the Natural History Department of the British Museum; Fullerian Professor of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the Royal Institution of London, 1898-1900 ; Fellow and Lecturer, Exeter Coll., 1872 ; Professor of Zoology and Compar. Anat. Univ. Coll., London, 1874-90 ; Regius Professor Natural History, Edinburgh, 1882; Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Oxford, 18911898; Royal Medallist Royal Society, 1885; Vice-President Royal Society, 1896; Founder (1884), President (1892) Marine Biological Association (Plymouth Laboratory); Correspondent of the Institute of France; Corr. Mem. Imp. Acad. Sciences, St Petersburg; For. Mem. Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, of the New York Academy of Sciences, of the Academy of the Lincei of Rome, of the Royal Belgian Academy, and of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia ; editor since 1869 of ‘ Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science’; author of ‘Hydrozoa,’ ‘ Mollusca,’ ‘Mussel,’ ‘Polyzoa,’ ‘Protozoa,’ ‘Vertebrata,’ ‘Zoology,’ in Ninth Edition of ‘Ency. Brit.,’ ‘A Monograph of Cephalaspidian Fishes,’ ‘Comparative Longevity,’ ‘Developmental History of the Mollusca,’ ‘Degeneration,’ ‘The Advancement of Science,’ ‘Zoological Articles’; jointeditor of ‘ Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley.’ (E. R. L.) LARMOR, Joseph, M.A., D.Sc., Sec.R.S.; Fellow of St John’s Coll., Camb.; University Lecturer in Mathematics ; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Queen’s Coll., Galway, and in the Queen’s University in Ireland, 18801885, and formerly Fellow of the Royal University ; Examiner in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the Univ. of London; lately President of the Cambridge Philosophical Society ; Treasurer of the London Mathematical Society; author of ‘iEther and Matter,’ and various Memoirs on Mathematics and Physics. (J. L*.) LAUGHTON, John Knox, M.A.; Professor Modern History, King’s Coll., London ; Secretary of the Navy Records Society; served in Baltic during the Russian War, 1854-55; in China, 1856-59; afterwards in Mediterranean and Channel ; Mathematical and Naval Instructor, Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, 1866-73; also at Greenwich, and lecturer on Meteorology, 1873-85 ; Pres. R. Met. Soc. 18821884; Honorary Fellow, Caius College, Cambridge, 1895; author of ‘Farragut,’ ‘Fitzroy,’ in Ninth Edition of ‘Ency. Brit.,’ ‘Physical Geography in its Relation to the Prevailing Winds and Currents,’ ‘ Studies in Naval History,’ ‘Nelson and his Companions in Arms,’ ‘Life of Henry Reeve,’ ‘Sea Fights and Adventures,’ ‘Letters and Despatches of Lord Nelson,’ ‘Defeat of the Spanish Armada.’ (J. K. L.) LAWRENCE, Rt. Rev. William, D.D., S.T.D. ; Bishop of Massachusetts; sometime Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral Theology, and Dean Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, U.S. A.; author of ‘Life of Amos A. Lawrence,’ ‘Proportional Representation in the House of Clerical and Lay Delegates,’ ‘ Visions and Service. ' (W. L.) LAYARD, George S.; English art writer; author of ‘ Charles Keene,’ ‘ Mrs Lynn Linton,’ ‘ Portraits of Cruikshank by Himself,’ ‘ Tennyson and his Pre - Raphaelite Illustrators,’ etc. (G. S. L.) LECLilRE, Ldon; Professor of Universal History and History of Philosophy, University of Brussels. (L. L.) LEE, Sidney, B.A., Litt.D.; editor of Dictionary of National Biography and Supplement; Clark Lecturer in English Literature, Trin. Coll., Cambridge, 1901; author of ‘Stratfordon-Avon from the Earliest Times to the Death

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of Shakespeare,’ ‘ Lord Herbert of Cherbury’s Autobiography, with a continuation of his Life,’ ‘ A Life of William Shakespeare.’ (S. L.) LEE-WARNER, Sir William, K.C.S.I., M.A.; Secretary in the Political and Secret Departments of the India Office ; Fellow of the University of Bombay; entered Indian Civil Service, 1869 ; political agent at Kolhapur; Under-Secretary in Foreign Office of India; Secretary to the Government of Bombay in Political and Judicial Departments; Chief Commissioner of Coorg and Resident in Mysore; additional member of the Viceroy’s Council; served on Education Commission, the Financial Commission, etc. ; author of ‘The Protected Princes of India,’ ‘The Citizen of India.’ (W. L.-W.) LEGGE, J. G. ; Chief Inspector of Reformatory and Industrial Schools, Home Office. (J. G. L.) LEGGE, Robin H. ; editor of ‘Music in the Nineteenth Century.’ (R. H. L.) LEONARD, Rt. Rev. Abiel, A.M., S.T.D.; Bishop of the Diocese of Salt Lake. (A. Le.) LEVEY, George Collins, C.M.G. ; London Correspondent of ‘ Melbourne Age ’; editor and proprietor of ‘Melbourne Herald,’ 1863-68; editor and contributor to ‘Melbourne Age,’ 1869-81 ; Secretary to Commissioners for Victoria at the Exhibitions in London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia, Melbourne, 1873, 1876, 1878, 1880-81; Executive Commissioner, Amsterdam, 1883; Secretary Royal Commission, Hobart Exhibition, 1894-95; Secretary Colonial Adelaide Exhibition, 1887; Committee of Royal Commission to Paris Exhibition, 1900 ; member of Board of Advice to Agent - General of Victoria; author of ‘Handbook to Australasia,’ ‘Australian Encyclopedia.’ (G. C. L.) LEWES, Vivian B., F.I.C., F.C.S. ; Professor of Chemistry, Royal Naval College; Chief Superintending Gas Examiner to the Corporation of the City of London. (V. B. L.) LEWIS, Charlton T., Ph.D. ; President N.Y. Prison Association, N.J. State Charities Aid Association ; Chairman of Commission to revise Penal Laws of New Jersey; Lecturer on Life Insurance, Harvard and Columbia Universities, and on Principles of Insurance, Cornell University ; author of ‘ History of Germany.’ Essays, Addresses, etc. (C. T. L.j LEYLAND, John; writer on naval questions. (J. Ld.) LIAS, Rev. John James, M.A. ; Professor of Modem Literature, St David’s Coll., Lampeter, 1871-1880; examining chaplain to Bishop of Llandaff, 1887-98; Chancellor of Llandatf Cathedral; author of ‘ Science in Relation to Miracles,’ ‘ The Nicene Creed,’ ‘ A Plea for Rationality in Ceremonial,’ etc. (J. J. L*.) LIDDELL, F. F., M.A. ; Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; Barrister, Lincoln’s Inn; editor of ‘ Manual of Military Laws.’ (F. F. L.) LIGHTFOOT, T. B., M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E. ; author of ‘ The Mechanical Refrigeration of Air,’ ‘Preservation of Foods by Cold,’ etc. (T. B. L.) LILLIE, Arthur; champion Grand National Croquet Club, 1872; author of ‘Croquet,’ ‘ Croquet Up to Date,’ etc. (A. Li.) LITTLEJOHN, Henry Harvey, M.B., B.Sc., F.R.C.S. Ed.; Lecturer in Medical Jurisprudence, School of Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Edinburgh. (H. H. L.) LLOYD, Lt.-Col. E. M., R.E. ; author of ‘ Vauban, Montalembert, Carnot: Engineer Studies,’ etc. (E. M. L.) LLOYD, Henry Demarest, author of ‘Wealth against Commonwealth,’ ‘Labor Copartnership,’ etc. (H. D. L*.) LOCH, Charles Stewart, B.A.; Secretary to the Council of the London Charity Organization Society since 1875; Member Royal Commission on Aged Poor, 1893-95; Dunkin Trust Lecturer, Manchester College, Oxford, 1896; Vice - President Royal Statistical Society, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1901 ; author of ‘Charity Organization,’ ‘Old Age Pensions and Pauperism.’ (C. S. L.) LOCOCK, Col. Herbert, C.B. ; retired Colonel of Royal Engineers; Assist. Director of Works at Headquarters, 1881-86; Depy. Inspector-General of Fortifications at Headquarters, 1887-96. (H. Lo.) LODGE, Oliver Joseph, F.R.S., D.Sc., LL.D. ; Principal of the University of Birmingham; Professor of Physics, University Coll., Liverpool, 1881-1900; author of ‘Elementary Mechanics,’ ‘Modern Views of Electricity,’ ‘Pioneers of Science,’ ‘Signalling without Wires,’ etc. (O. J. L.) LORD, J. K., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature, Dartmouth College,