Page:1902 Encyclopædia Britannica - Volume 27 - CHI-ELD.pdf/746

 The following table gives the cotton and sugar crops for twenty years:— Sugar-Cane in Tons.

Merchandise.

1,700,000 4,100,000 4,600,000 5,200,000 5,800,000 6,500,000 5,600.000

52,000 62,000 83,000 91,000 74,000

Animals and animal food products Skins and leather goods Other animal products. Cereals, vegetables, &c. Provisions and drugs Spirits, oils, &c. . Rags, paper, books Wood and coal, cane-work, &c. Stone, lime, glass, &c. . Dyeing materials, &c. . Chemical products Textiles,1 mainly raw cotton Metals and metal goods Sundries Tobacco

In Upper Egypt there are 1,731,800 acres under flood irrigation, and 587,500 acres under perennial irrigation; while in Lower Egypt 3,437,800 acres are dependent on the great perennial canals. The ownership of the land is shown in the following table :— Acres owned by Class.

Upper Egypt.

Lower Egypt.

47,399 306,955 16,622 64,645 394,808 1,488,905

192,910 31,581 56,638 519,537 1,982,558 1,654,603

State Domains Daira Sanieh Religious Bodies. Banks, Foreigners, &c. . Non-Resident Egyptians Resident Egyptians

The land is everywhere subdivided into extremely small plots, each of which is often owned by the members of a family, each having a share. Out of 767,260 proprietors of land in 1897, 611,074 owned less than 5 acres. Cattle and farm animals, including horses and camels, number 1,669,000. The only fisheries of importance are those of Lake Menzaleh, which produce a net revenue of about £E. 60,000 annually. Commerce.—Since 1875 the commerce has increased rapidly. Great Britain is the largest importer and exporter, and next come France, Turkey, Russia, Austria, and the United States, though the trade of Germany and Belgium is also rapidly increasing. The exterior commerce, comprising imports and exports of all kinds of merchandise and of specie, is given at the following figures since 1880 :—

Imports. £E. 6.549.933 8,081,297 8.389.933 10,603,672 11,033,219 11,441,802 14,112,369

Exports. £E. 12,983,203 11,876,086 12,632,450 12,321,220 11,805,179 15,350,908 16,766,609

Imports.

Exports.

£E. 4,791,700 2,971,461 4,319,265 2,921,722 2,730,116 4,515,917 4,114,612

£E. 405,600 2,085,455 2,322,190 2,369,479 1,891,513 1,502,485 2,602,790

Great Britain ..... British Colonies in the Mediterranean British Colonies in the Extreme East Germany. America. Austria-Hungary Belgium. China and Extreme East France and Algeria Greece Italy Morocco Persia Russia Turkey Other countries Total

£E. 129,733 84,85541,611 2,615,433 676,226 16,318 15,690 16,350 1,528 21,112 15,547 13,104,860 5,691 12,689

13,801,391

16,757,683

1 In 1897 the cotton tissues imported amounted to £E.1,798,600 ; and in 1900 to £E.1,987,095. In the cotton season of 1896-97 the quantity of raw cotton exported was 5,177,495 cantars, valued at £E.10,088,838 ; in 1897-98, 5,764,636 cantars, valued at £E.9,040,150; in 1898-99, 6,001,222 cantars, valued at £E.11,598,222 ; and in 1899-1900, 4,868,596 cantars, valued at £E.13,039,003. The receipts from tobacco were : in 1896, £E.1,006,526 ; in 1897, £E. 1,044,780 ; in 1898, £E.1,080,669 ; in 1899, £E.1,068,497. Of the total imports in 1899 the value of £E. 9,945,165, and of the exports the value of £E.15,068,722, passed through the port of Alexandria. Shipping and Navigation. — The following tables show the nationality and tonnage of vessels arriving and clearing at Alexandria. Great facilities have been afforded to steamers since the completion of the docks, wharves, and quays; and in order still further to facilitate navigation the Government have constructed a new pass, 300 feet wide, to enable vessels, which have often been delayed off the port during stormy weather, to make a direct run into harbour. The new pass, 30 feet deep, was opened to navigation in July 1894. • Arrivals and clearances of commercial vessels at Alexandria in five years:— Clearances.

1895 1896 1897 1898 1899

Vessels.

Tons.

Vessels.

Tons.

2393 2132 2203 2454 2805

2,206,667 2,123,591 2,267,120 2,555.396 2,414,674

2339 2105 2143 2428 2758

2,194,964 2,094,684 2,270,836 2,559,876 2,389,058

The following table shows the nationality of commercial vessels arrived and cleared in 1898, and the totals for 1899 : Arrivals.

Imports from. Exports to. £E. 5,300,447 144,431 696,351 485,933 289,331 900,958 494,751 124,198 1,314,869 121,468 661,347 40,157 42,778 608,901 2,220,966 354,505

£E. 9,141,932 4,404 187,813 900,824 1,035,600 642,477 126,165 149,347 1,430,153 5,246 601,496 2,692 4,642 1,209,563 290,193 1,030,136

13,801,391 16,757,683

Exports.

£E. 652,357 206,860 84,373 1,532,341 404,735 815,888 177,103 2,093,061 399,008 282,875 276,509 4,011,498 1,817,971 439,609 577,203

Arrivals.

The following table shows the value of the commercial intercourse of Egypt with different foreign countries in 1900 :— Country.

Imports.

Total.

Specie.

Merchandise. Year.

The value of the leading exports and imports of Egypt in 1900 is shown in the following table :—

Cotton Crop in Cantars 98 T ib. 1878 1890 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898

1880 1890 1895 1897 1898 1899 1900

[GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS.

EGYPT

692

Nationality. British. French. Austrian Turkish. Russian. Italian. Greek Swedish and Norwegian German. Egyptian Other countries

Vessels.

Tons.

729 125 139 847 95 153 163 36 27 82 58

,111,481 263,778 254,703 151,461 185,940 281,373 66,781 59,221 52,230 85,547 43,881

Clearances. Tons. 734 1,117,161 265,314 126 261,125 140 147,487 827 95 188,971 279,426 153 63,755 155 57,809 34 54,754 27 82,566 79 41,508 58

Total for 1898.

2454 2,556,396 2428 i 2,559,876

Total for 1899.

2805 2,414,674 2758 2,389,058