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 E D I N B U R G H S H I R E 653 Carnegie’s noble endowment fund. The most splendid evidence one side to the Royal Botanic Gardens, and adjacent on the other to of its growth and of the liberal and enlightened spirit in the new Inverleith Park, has become a favourite public resort. To which it is supported is provided by the new Medical School, the south and west of Haymarket a populous working-class district built in Teviot Row, adjoining George Square and the Meadows. has sprung up at Dairy. In Atholl Crescent is. a possible site of To this fine and spacious group of buildings the Faculty of a public hall for musical and other purposes, for which the late Medicine has been removed; and its suite of class-rooms, operat- Mr Thomas Usher gave the sum of £100,000. Important changes ing theatres, and laboratories equip it thoroughly for its work of have been made upon the architectural appearance of Princes Street, teaching and healing, The Medical School is in the Renaissance George Street, St Andrew Square, and the adjoining thoroughstyle, from the designs of Dr Rowand Anderson, and when com- fares, through the erection of new hotels, banking and insurance pleted by a campanile tower will have cost over £300,000. A offices, and clubs ; and at the east end of Queen Street a stately magnificently decorated hall, for academic and other public "func- structure, designed by Dr Rowand Anderson, to accommodate the tions, is the gift of Mr William M'Ewan, M.P., to the university National Portrait Gallery and the Antiquarian Museum, has been and city, and with the grand organ has cost a sum of £115,000. raised through the liberality of the late Mr J. R. Findlay of Closely associated with the Medical School, and separated from it Aberlour, who bestowed a sum of nearly £70,000 for the purpose, by the Middle Meadow Walk, is the Royal Infirmary, removed the Government providing the site. In Castle Terrace the Synod hither from Infirmary Street. Its wards, in which nearly 10,000 Hall of the United Presbyterian Church (now joined to the Free patients receive treatment annually, are lodged in a series of Church, under the title of the “United Free Church of Scotland”) turreted pavilions, and cover a large space of ground on the is flanked on either side by the School Board and Parochial Board margin of the Meadows, from which, to make room for it, George offices ; while behind it, in Grindlay Street, is the Lyceum Theatre. Watson’s College—the most important of the Merchant Company The most important addition made in recent years to schools—has had to shift to a site farther west, while the Sick theChurches. churches of Edinburgh is St Mary’s Cathedral, belonging to the Children’s Hospital has moved to the farther side of the Meadows. Scottish Episcopal Church. It is built on ground and chiefly from The Old Infirmary buildings have served the purposes of a City funds bequeathed by the late Miss Walker of Coates, the Fever Hospital, which soon, however, will be accommodated more Cathedral Close contains the early 17th-century mansionand spaciously and suitably on a site lying on the burgh outskirts Coates, now occupied by the organist, and a Song School.of East at Wester Craiglockhart Hill. Similarly, the Royal Edinburgh church, designed in the Early Pointed style by Sir Gilbert Scott,The Asylum for the Insane has been crowded from its old ground "at 278 feet in length, and is surmounted by a spire 275 feet in height.is Morningside, and has occupied a noble structure set on a com- A chapter-house has been added by the late Mr Hugh Rollo, and manding position on the easter hill of Craiglockhart; and the when the two western towers are completed the whole cost of the Royal Blind Asylum has moved from its former quarters in Mcolwill be some £140,000. Many other churches, of different ‘son Street to a new home at Powburn. A Home for Incurables has edifice denominations, have been built or rebuilt in the city and suburbs, been erected in Salisbury Place. Among the host of benevolent, the most noticeable, from an architectural point of view, being ■charitable, and other public institutions mention may be made perhaps the Catholic Apostolic church at the foot of Broughton of the Central Public Baths in Infirmary Street, and branch Street, one the features of which is a fine set of mural paintings establishments in other parts of the town, including the new executed^ byofMrs Traquair. In all there are now 192 places of suburb of Portobello, and the Workmen’s Institutes planted in worship in the city, of which 46 belong to the Church of Scotland, crowded districts of the city with funds provided by the late Mr 75 to the United Free Church and 4 to the other Presbyterian Thomas Nelson. and 26 to the Episcopalian, 7 to the Roman Catholic, Endowed, and Public Schools.—Among buildings more strictly churches, 34 to other denominations. educational in their purposes, notice must be taken of the host of and Railway Improvements.—Among the most important of the city new public schools, for the most part large, handsome buildings, changes those that have taken place in the hollow between the which bear witness to the zeal and activity of the School Board In Old and are New Towns. The increase in the traffic of the North providing for the elementary and advanced instruction of the British Railway rendered necessary successive alterations and young, and fulfilling their other duties under the Act of 1872. A enlargements of has the Waverley Station, which will become one of large number of these schools have been erected within the city the most extensive, as regards platform area and other accommobounds, and the expenditure of the board on building, including in the country. Additional tunnels of access have been sites, and exclusive of schools now being built, has been £496,000? dation, formed from Haymarket on the west and Abbeyhill on the east; The estimated expenditure on two new schools which are approach- and been found necessary to appropriate strips of the ing completion, and for additions that are being made to other East itandhasWest Princes Street Gardens. The Caledonian Railschools, is over £73,000 ; and plans have been prepared for a way, also, has built handsome and commodious new station, with new school for the Craiglockhart district, in the south-west of the hotel attached, at athe west end of Princes Street; and among city, at a probable cost of £30,000. Two of the existing schools the additions to the railway mileage of the city and its vicinity have been graded and fitted with apparatus to meet the require- are the Caledonian branch lines to Leith and Cramond Bridge, ments of the secondary education grant, and a day industrial school and the suburban and Corstorphine lines of the North British for truant children has been provided. The new Merchant Company Railway. colleges have more than fulfilled the expectations of those who New Parks and Monuments.—Edinburgh is well provided with devised the scheme by which the buildings and endowments founded “lungs,” the shape of public parks. In addition to the on the old “hospital” system, were devoted to the purpose of estab- magnificentinopen spaces previously existing within the city bounds, lishing highly-equipped day schools, which should carry the pupils in the King’s Park, Meadows, the Calton Hill, the Princes through all the stages of primary and secondary education. In Street Gardens, &c., athe large area of new ground has been set apart this way George Watson’s College, Stewart’s College, and the Queen of late years for the health and recreation of the citizens. Mention Street Ladies’ College, George Square Ladies’ College, and Gillespie may be made of the Blackford Hill, on the shoulder of which the School, possessing an aggregate income of £66,000, have taken a new Royal Observatory has been built and the great Dunecht high place among the educational institutions of the city and telescope fitted up. Beyond is another spacious and breezy playcountry, and have become important feeders of the university. ground, the Braid Hills, mainly devoted to the game of golf. The Heriot Trust, also, has devoted its funds, now reaching over are on the south side of the city. On the north of the £30,000 annually, mainly to the encouragement of secondary, These of Leith are the Arboretum and Inverleith Park. The technical, and higher education ; in addition to the support thus Water Harrison Park provides recreation ground for the dwellers in the provided for the Heriot-Watt College already mentioned, the fine crowded district around Fountainbridge ; and another and larger and venerable structure of Heriot’s Hospital is occupied as a park for the western district of the city has been purchased technical school, and a large part of the revenue is spent on a school public by the Town Council at Saughton Hall. The numerous monuand university bursary scheme. The Royal High School—the old ments of Edinburgh have been reinforced by a statue of the late and famous burgh school of Edinburgh—has also been reorganized Duke of Buccleuch in High Street, of Dr Thomas Chalmers in and enlarged to meet modern requirements ; and on the northern George Street, Dr Livingstone, Adam Black, and Sir James outskirts there has risen in Fettes College—an endowed institution Y oung Simpson of the line of Princes Street, of John Knox in the on the model of the English public schools—an architectural quadrangle of theonFree Church College, and Sir William Chambers ornament of the city. (j Gb ^ New Town Improvements.—The New Town has spread westwards in Chambers Street. and northwards in handsome streets, terraces, and crescents, which in both directions have _ crossed over the valley of the Water of Edinburghshire, or Midlothian, a county ie on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth, bounded on v’ city, a^1G Imraddition ^'lca.ton °f stream, at theofcost ofr the great hasR been madecarried to theout amenity its the W. by Linlithgow, on the E. by Haddington, and on neighbourhood, which has been further increased by the restoration and embellishment of St Bernard’s Well and its surroundings, an the S.-W. and S. by Lanark, Peebles, Selkirk, Roxburgh, ™Pr.0Vernent of which the whole cost was borne by the late’ Mr and Berwick shires. Geographically it embraces the city William Nelson. Beyond the Water to the north, between Inver- of Edinburgh (administratively a separate county) and the leith Row and the Fettes College grounds the Arboretum, joined on parliamentary burghs of Leith and Musselburgh.