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 DUISBURG—DUMAS 543 several works on Irish history, Conversations with Carlyle Dumas, Alexandre (fils) (1824-1895), French <1892), Memoirs (1898), &c. In 1891 he became first President of the Irish Literary Society. He was married dramatist and novelist, was born in Paris on the 28th July 1824. His parentage was irregular, and his father three times, his third wife dying in 1889. at that date still a humble clerk and not much more a town of Prussia, 15 miles by rail north than a boy. “Happily,” writes the son, “my mother from Dusseldorf, on the Ruhr-Rhine Canal and between was a good woman, and worked hard to bring me up ”; these two rivers. The concert hall, law courts, Mercator while of his father he says, “ by a most lucky chance he fountain (1878), and war memorial are new. There are happened to be well natured,” and “as soon as his first important iron industries, chemical works, saw-milling successes as a dramatist” enabled him to do so, “recogshipbuilding, tobacco, cotton, sugar, soap, and other manu- nized me and gave me his name.” Nevertheless the lad’s factures. There is also (in conjunction with Hochfeld) an earlier school-life was made bitter by his illegitimacy. The extensive trade in coal. The harbour was, in 1898 entered cruel taunts and malevolence of his companions rankled ,and cleared by an aggregate of 2,745,400 tons. ’Popula- tFr°ugh life (see preface to La Femme de Claude and P tion, (1885), 47,519 ; (1900), 92,729. Affaire Cl^menceau), and left indelible marks on his Dulcigno (Servian, Ulcinj; Turkish, Olgun), an character and thoughts. Nor was his paternity, however istmguished, without peril. Alexandre the younger and ancient town formerly belonging to Turkish Albania, but since 1880 Montenegrin. The old walled quarter, with elder saw life together very thoroughly, and Paris can the strong castle, occupies a bold promontory on the have had few mysteries for them. Suddenly the son, who Adriatic, 18 miles west-south-west of Scutari; the new had been, led to regard his prodigal father’s resources as town occupies a small narrow valley, and the little harbour inexhaustible, was rudely undeceived. Coffers were empty is stopped with sand. There are about 5000 inhabitants. and he had accumulated debts to the amount of two JJulcigno was the. scene of a naval demonstration made by thousand pounds. Thereupon he pulled himself together. Io a son of Dumas the use of the pen came naturally. French and I1880, oeonBrby iltlslwhich Eussian ’ > Italian fleets in August Like most clever young writers—and report speaks of him Turkey was compelled to hand the place as specially brilliant at that time—he opened with a book over to Montenegro according to the Berlin Treaty. 0f de Jennesse (1847). It was succeeded D, en a “ ^ i town of Prussia, in the Rhine province in 1848 by a novel, La Dame aux Camelias, a sort of 11 II miles by rail west-south-west from Gref eld, with manu- reflection of the world in which he had been living. The factures of. linen, cotton, silk, and velvet, Ac., ironworks book had considerable success, and was followed, in fairly and foundries. It has a (Roman Catholic) Gothic parish quick succession, by Le Roman d’une Femme (1848) and church. Population (1900), 9517. Diane de Lys (1851). All this, however, did not deliver im from the load of debt, which, as he tells us, remained Capita Louis tt • clt * county, Minnesota, odious. In 1849 he had dramatized La Dame aux Cathe thlrd J in the state in population, in 46° 47 IS. lat. and 92° 06'W. long., on the north shore of Lake melias, but for various reasons, the rigour of the censorship bupenor. The city is situated mainly on the slope of being the most important, it was not till the 2nd February and steep bluffs, which rise 600 feet above the lake level. It 1, then only by the intervention of Napoleon’s is regular in plan, one set of streets running directly up the all-powerful minister, Morny, that the play could be problutts, the others along their face, parallel with the lake duced, at the Vaudeville. It succeeded then, and has held shore; and it is well paved and sewered. A gravel spit the stage ever since, less perhaps from inherent superiority known as Minnesota Point, stretches nearly across Lake to other plays which have foundered, than to the great oupenor, forming behind it a fine harbour, with a narrow opportunities it affords to any actress of genius. Thenceentrance. Duluth is the terminus of no less than nine forward Dumas’s career was that of a brilliant' and prosde Lys (1853), Le Demi-Monde railways,, making it, with its large lake commerce, a perous dramatist. Diane 1 commercial city of the first magnitude. It handles large (1855)’ La question d argent (1857), Le fils naturel (1858) Le Fere prodigue (1859), followed rapidly. Debts became quantities of wheat from Red River Valley and Manitoba estimated at 90,000,000 bushels annually, great amounts a thing of the past, and Dumas a wealthy man. The ol lumber from the adjacent pine forests, and of iron ore didactic habit was always strong upon him. “Alexandre loves preaching overmuch,” wrote his father; and in most and aT1 ^000 on Vermillon Mesabi to the of his plays, he assumes the attitude of a rigid and About vessels enter and clearRanges annually. In north. 1890 its manufactures had an invested capital of $5,332 447’ uncompromising moralist commissioned to impart to a heedless world lessons of deep import. The lessons themhands and had a roduct valued a Sn ’ Wli,/23. Ihe assessed valuation ofP real and personalt selves are mostly concerned with the “eternal feminine” property in 1900, on a basis of about one-half of the full by which Dumas was haunted, and differ in ethical value. Ihus in Les Ldees de Madame Aubray he inculcates f24 60 0 333 JKSwAf, , ’ rate; of taxation net debt was the duty of the seducer to marry the woman he has 80,o (0,732; and’ the was of $30thepercity $1000 seduced; but m La Femme de Claude he argues the right 83 8; (189 Ot Whom 20,983 were foreign-born and 357(i9oo negroes. The’ ?’33>ii5; >’62’969 f i-iwi. to istake the law and into worthless,—a his own handthesis and m thehusband wife who unfaithful death-rate in 1900 was 13-2. The village of West Duluth was included in the corporate limits in 1894. again defended in his novel, VAffaire Clemenceau, and in pamphlet, D Homme femme; while in Diane de Lys Dulwich, a parish of the county of London, in the his ie had taught that the betrayed husband was entitled to metropolitan borough of. Camberwell, Surrey, five miles rom London Bridge, with three railway stations. The jail not in a duel, but summarily—the man who had a cen his. honour; and in L’Etrangere the bad husband S 1001, 0r irwu f College, n the front rank of English publicmaintains schools. its Theposition lower, is the victim. Nor did he preach only in his plays. He preached in voluminous introductions, and pamphlets not Alleynes. school, is situated about a mile from the a few. And when, in 1870 and 1872, France was going m close to it Presbyterian are the JamesChurch, Allen’s through bitter hours of humiliation, he called her to re00 i. ,or girls and Proximity the Dulwich mere is a high school for girls within half a mile of West pentance and amendment in a Nouvelle Lettre de Junius and two Lettres sur les choses du jour. As a moralist he •uuiwichstation. Population (1881), 5590; (1901) 10 246 took himself very seriously indeed. As a dramatist,