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DUBOIS

house. Dublin continues to produce little for exportation except whisky and porter. Since 1895 whisky has been exported in the following quantities :— Butts and Hogsheads. Casks. Quarter Years. Puncheons. Casks. 15,519 2765 8989 4521 1895 2635 9231 14,696 5192 1896 13,398 3509 8181 4947 1897 15,401 2621 9156 4762 1898 2159 8985 13,955 5092 1899 The number of hogsheads of porter exported in 1895 was 379,131 ; in 1896, 376,199 ; in 1897, 377,247 ; in 1898, 368,628; and in 1899, 409,415. The number of horses exported to Great Britain in 1899 was 13,814; of cattle, 304,187 ; of sheep and lambs, 406,709 ; and of pigs, 327,980. The value of British and Irish produce exported direct to foreign countries has considerably declined of late years. In 1893 it was £155,243 ; in 1896, £68,809 ; and in 1899, £63,385. The total value of the foreign and colonial imports in 1899, which included 89,157 tons of wheat, 100,475 tons of maize, 739,549 sacks and bags of flour, and 51,653 quarters of barley, was £2,565,817. The total amount of customs duties collected at the port in the same year was £615,566, as compared with £804,214 in 1894 and £817,391 in 1890. In 1899 the harbour receipts derived from tonnage and quay wall dues on shipping amounted to £58,727. The following table shows the number of vessels in the foreign and coasting trades that entered and cleared with cargoes from the port, and the number of vessels registered from 1895 to 1899:— Cleared. Registered. Entered. Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage. 58,657 1895 7171 1,745,409 4484 1,170,948 329 59,877 1896 7047 1,769,065 4526 1,215,806 327 63,456 1897 7085 1,800,564 4499 1,213,444 322 60,916 1898 7174 1,764,223 4612 1,226,111 318 61,667 1899 7247 1,804,175 4549 1,220,700 317 (w. H. Po.) DuboiS, a borough of Clearfield county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., at the intersection of three railways, the Allegheny Valley, the Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburg, and the Pennsylvania. It is in the midst of a coal-mining region, and its industries consist largely in handling coal. Population (1880), 2718; (1890), 6149; (1900), 9375, of whom 1655 were foreign-born. Dubois, Clement Francois Theodore (1837 ), French musical composer and director of the Paris Conservatoire, was born at Rosnay on 24th August 1837. He studied at the Conservatoire under Ambroise Thomas, and won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1861 with a cantata entitled Atala. After the customary sojourn in Rome, Dubois returned to Paris and devoted himself to teaching. He was appointed “ maitre de Chapelle ” at the Church of Ste Clotilde, where Cesar Franck was organist, in 1863, and remained at this post for five years, during which time he composed a quantity of sacred music, notably Les Sept Paroles du Christ (1867), a work which has become well known in France. In 1868 he became “maitre de Chapelle ” at the Church of the Madeleine, and nine years later succeeded Camille Saint-Saens there as organist. He became Professor of Harmony at the Conservatoire in 1871, and was appointed Professor of Composition in succession to Leo Delibes in 1891. At the death of Ambroise Thomas in 1896, he became director of the Conservatoire. Dubois is an extremely prolific composer, and has written in a variety of forms. His sacred works include four masses, a requiem, Les Sept Paroles du Christ, a large

number of motets and pieces for organ. For the theatre he has composed La Guzla de VEmir, an opera comique in one act, played at the Theatre Lyrique de TAthenee in 1873 ; Le Pain Bis, an opera comique in one act, given at the Opera Comique in 1879 ; La Farandole, a ballet in three acts, produced at the Grand Opera in 1883 ; Aben-Hamet, a four-act opera, heard at the Theatre Italien iii 1884; Xaviere, a dramatic idyll in three acts, played at the Opera Comique in 1895. His orchestral works include two concert overtures, the overture to Frithioff (1880),. several suites, Alar die Heroique de Jeanne d’Arc (1888), &c. He is also the author of Le Paradis Perdu, an oratorio which gained for him the prize offered by the City of Paris in 1878; FEnlevement de Proserpine (1879), a scene lyrique) Delivrance (1887), a cantata; llylas (1890), a scene lyrique for soli, chorus, and orchestra. In addition, he has composed much for the piano and voice. If his musical personality is not a very marked one, M. Dubois is nevertheless a musician of lofty aims and undoubted ability. Dubois, Paul (1829 ), French sculptor and painter, was born at Nogent-sur-Seine, 18th July 1829. He studied law to please his family and art to please himself, and finally abandoned the former in favour of the latter, and placed himself under Toussaint. For a short while a student at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, M. Dubois sojourned in Rome, and by the study there of the great masters of sculpture developed his eye and his feeling for form so that he well-nigh equalled the greatest in knowledge and refinement. His first contributions to the Salon (1860) were busts of “The Countess de B.” and “A Child.” For his first statues, “St John the Baptist” and “Narcissus at the Bath” (1863), Dubois was awarded a medal of the second class. The statue of “ The Infant St John,” which had been modelled in Florence in 1860, was exhibited in Paris in bronze, and was acquired by the Luxembourg Museum. “A Florentine Singer of the Fifteenth Century,” to this day one of the most popular statuettes “published” in Europe, was shown in 1865, and at once attracted great attention. “The Virgin and Child” appeared in the Paris Universal Exhibition in 1867 ; “ The Birth of Eve ” was produced in 1873, and was followed by striking busts of Henner, Dr Parrot, Paul Baudry, Dr Pasteur, Gounod, and Bonnat, remarkable alike for life, vivacity, likeness, refinement, and subtle handling. His chief work wras “The Tomb of General Lamoriciere,” a brilliant masterpiece, conceived in the Renaissance spirit, with allegorical figures and groups representing Warlike Courage, Charity, Faith, and Meditation, as well as bas-reliefs and enrichments; the twro firstnamed works were separately exhibited in the Salon of 1877. The medallions represent Wisdom, Hope, Justice, Force, Rhetoric, Prudence, and Religion. The statue of the “ Constable Anne de Montmorency ” -was executed for Chantilly, and that of “ Joan of Arc” (1889) for the town of Rheims. The Italian influence which characterizes Dubois’s earlier work disappears as his own individuality became clearly asserted. As a painter M. Dubois has restricted himself mainly to portraiture, “My Children” (1876) being probably the most noteworthy. His work in painting is of a high order, admirable alike in colour, drawing, and taste. His drawings and copies after the Old Masters are also of peculiar excellence: they include “The Dead Christ” (after Sebastian del Piombo) and “Adam and Eve” (after Raphael). In 1873 M. Dubois was appointed Keeper of the Luxembourg Museum, which contains the “Infant St John” and several other works from his hand. He succeeded M. Guillaume as Director of the Ilcole des Beaux Arts, 1878 ; and Perraud as member of the Academic des Beaux Arts. Twice at the Salon he