Page:1902 Encyclopædia Britannica - Volume 27 - CHI-ELD.pdf/461

 DENTON —DEPRETIS practitioners are to be found in all civilized communities, those in Great Britain numbering about 5000; in the United States, 27,000; France, 1600, of whom 376 are Graduates; German Empire, qualified practitioners (Zahnarzte), 1400; practitioners without official qualification 4100. Its educational institutions are numerous and well equipped. It possesses a large periodical and standard literature in all languages. Its practice is regulated by legislative enactment in all countries the same as is medical practice. The business of manufacturing and selling dentists’ supplies represents an enormous industry, in which millions of capital are invested. Authorities.—W. F. Litch. American System of Dentistry.— Julius Scheff, jun. Handbuch der Zahnheilkunde.—Edward C. Kirk. American Text-Book of Operative Dentistry.—Charles J. Essie. American Text-Book of Prosthetic Dentistry.—Tomes. Dmtal Anatomy. —Tomes. Dental Surgery.—W. D. Miller. Microorganisms of the Human Mouth.—Hopewell Smith. Dental Microscopy.—H. H. Burchard. Dental Pathology, Therapeutics, and Pharmacology.—F. J. S. Gorgas. Dental Medicine.—E. H. Angle. Treatment of Malocclusion of the Teeth and Fractures of the Maxilla.—G. Evans. A Practical Treatise on Artificial Crownand-Bridge Work and Porcelain Dental Art.—C. N. Johnson. Principles and Practice of Filling Teeth. (e. C. K.) Denton, a township in the Gorton division of Lancashire, England, 4J miles north-east from Stockport, with a station on a branch of the London and North-Western Railway. The township of Haughton was •added to it in 1894, and it has since been governed by an urban district council. Public buildings include, besides churches and chapels, the free library, installed in new and spacious premises in 1898, and the Conservative and the Liberal club houses. In the township are reservoirs for the water supply of Manchester, with a capacity of 1860 millions of gallons. The manufacture of felt hats is the leading industry. Coal is extensively mined in the district. The population of the urban district in 1891 was 13,993; in 1901, 14,934. Denver, the capital of the state of Colorado, U.S.A., and county seat of Arapahoe county, situated in lat. 39° 45' N. and long. 105° W. It comprises an area of 49 square miles on the South Platte river, 15 miles east of the foot of the Rocky Mountains, at a mean elevation of 5280 feet above sea-level. The population in 1890 was 106,713, and in 1900 it was 133,859, of whom 25,301 were foreign-born and 3923 were negroes. Out of 42,712 males of voting age (21 years and over), only 716 were reported by the U.S. census enumerators in 1900 as illiterate (unable to write); of these 548 were foreign-born. The death-rate in 1890 was 23'0; in 1900 it was 18-6. The city is the junction of the Burlington and Missouri River, the Chicago Rock Island and Pacific, the Kansas Pacific, the Missouri Pacific, the Union Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe, the Denver and Rio Grande, the Colorado Midland, and the Colorado and Southern Railway systems. The street railways are owned by a private corporation using electrical motive-power. The public education is provided by 3 high schools, a manual training school, and 44 public schools, the total public school property being valued at $2,700,000. According to the census of 1900, the number of persons of school age (5 to 20 years inclusive) was 37,423. The University of Denver, Gross Medical College, and the College of the Sacred Heart are influential institutions. A public library, with 75,000 volumes, is supported by a tax of one-half of one mill upon the assessed valuation of the city, which, for 1900, was $69,550,115 on a basis of about one-third actual value. The city has 12 parks, with a total area of 550 acres. The water supply is derived from mountain streams and carried to the city by gravity. Its daily capacity is 60,000,000 gallons. The factories in

419

1900 employed an average number of 10,926 wage-earners, with total wages amounting to $6,824,003, the total value of the manufactured products being $41,368,698. The city has four national banks, three savings banks, three State banks, and a branch of the United States mint. In 1858 placer gold was discovered at the junction of Cherry Creek with the South Platte river at 39° 47' N. lat. and 105° W. long., which led to a small settlement called Auraria. In 1859 Denver (named after General James Denver, then Governor of Kansas Territory) was laid out on the east side of Cherry Creek, and shortly afterwards the two settlements were united. The city is the centre of the wealth and influence of the increasing mineral, agricultural, and stock-raising interests of the Rocky Mountain region. (J. H. pe.) Deogarh, a town of British India, in the Sonthal Parganas district of Bengal. Situated in 24° 29’ N. lat. and 86° 44' E. lat. Population, about 8000. It is famous for a group of twenty-two temples dedicated to Siva, the resort of numerous pilgrims. It is connected with the East Indian Railway by a steam tramway, 5 miles in length. In 1897 the net earnings were Rs.19,168, yielding a profit of 3’9 per cent, on a capital outlay of Rs.2,87,942. Depretis, Agostino (1813-1887), Italian statesman, was born at Mezzana Corte, in the province of Stradella, 31st January 1813. Before 1848 he conspired with Mazzini, and was nearly captured by the Austrians while smuggling arms into Milan. Elected deputy in 1848, he joined the Left and founded the journal II Diritto, but held no official position until appointed Governor of Brescia in 1859. In 1860 he went to Sicily on a mission to reconcile the policy of Cavour (who desired the immediate incorporation of the island in the kingdom of Italy) with that of Garibaldi, who wished to postpone the Sicilian plebiscite until after the liberation of Naples and Rome. Though appointed pro-dictator of Sicily by Garibaldi, he failed in his attempt. Accepting the portfolio of Public Works in the Rattazzi Cabinet in 1862, he served as intermediary in arranging with Garibaldi the expedition which ended disastrously at Aspromonte. Four years later he entered the Ricasoli Cabinet as Minister of Marine, and, by maintaining Admiral Persano in command of the fleet, contributed to the defeat of Lissa. Upon the death of Rattazzi in 1873, Depretis became leader of the Left, prepared the advent of his party to power, and was called upon to form the first Cabinet of the Left in 1876. Overthrown by Cairoli in March 1878 on the grist-tax question, he succeeded, in the following December, in defeating Cairoli, became again Premier, but on 3rd July 1879 was once more overturned by Cairoli. In November 1879 he, however, entered the Cairoli Cabinet as Minister of the Interior, and in May 1881 succeeded to the Premiership, retaining that office until his death on 29th July 1887. During the long interval he recomposed his Cabinet four times, first throwing out Zanardelli and Baccarini in order to please the Right, and subsequently bestowing portfolios upon Ricotti, Robilant, and other Conservatives, so as to complete the political process known as “ trasformismof A few weeks before his death he repented of his transformist policy, and again included Crispi and Zanardelli in his Cabinet. During his long term of office he abolished the grist tax, extended the suffrage, completed the railway system, aided Mancini in forming the Triple Alliance, and initiated colonial policy by the occupation of Massawa; but, at the same time, he vastly increased indirect taxation, corrupted and destroyed the fibre of parliamentary parties, and, by extravagance in public works, impaired the stability of Italian finance. Shrewdness and unscrupulous political