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DENNY — DENTISTRY In theology Denmark has not approached the preceding unaffected by the movement of realism, continued to please the public. Three lyrical poets, H. V. Kaalund (1818—1885), generation, in which such writers as Clausen (1793-1877), Carl Ploug (1813-1894), and Christian Richardt (1831- and still more Martensen (1808-84), lifted the prestige of 1892), of very great talent, were not yet silent, and among Danish divinity to a high point. But in history the Danes the veteran novelists were still active H. F. Ewald (6. have been very active. Jens Peter Trap (1810-1885) con1821) and Thomas Lange (b. 1829). During the whole of cluded his great statistical account of Denmark in 1879. this period the most popular writer of Denmark was J. C. The 16th century has been made the object of the invesC. Brosboll (1816-1900), who wrote, under the pseudonym tigations of Troels Lund (q.v.). About 1880 several of Carit Etlar, a vast number of tales. The admirable prose- the younger historians formed the plan of combining to writer Meier Goldschmidt survived until 1887. Sophus investigate and publish the sources of Danish history; Bauditz (b. 1850) has persevered in composing novels in this the indefatigable Johannes Steenstrup (b. 1844) was which attain a wide general popularity. Mention must be prominent. The domestic history of the country began, made also of the dramatist Christian Molbech (1821-1888) about 1885, to occupy the attention of Holm, O. Nielsen, and the veteran Frederik Barfod (1811 -1896). and of the miscellaneous writer Erik Bogh (1822-1899). Between 1885 and 1892 there was a transitional period The naval histories of G. Liitken attracted much notice. in Danish literature. Up to that time all the leaders had Besides the names already mentioned, A. D. J6rgensen(1840been united in accepting the naturalistic formula, which 1897), Fridericia, and Mollerup have all distinguished themwas combined with an individualist and a Radical tendency. selves in the excellent school of Danish historians. Since In 1885, however, Drachmann, already the recognized first 1896 a composite history of Denmark, on a very large scale, poet of the country, threw off his allegiance to Brandes, has been undertaken by some leading historians. In philodenounced the exotic tradition, declared himself a con- sophy nothing has been published of the highest value. servative, and took up a national and patriotic attitude. Martensen’s Jakob Bohme (1881) really belongs to an He was joined a little later by Gjellerup, while Schandorph earlier period. H. Hoffding (5. 1843) has been the most remained staunchly by the side of Brandes. The camp prominent contributor to psychology, and an enthusiastic was thus divided. New writers began to make their disciple of Mr Herbert Spencer. Alfred Lehmann (5. 1858) appearance, and, while some of these were staunch to has, since 1896, attracted a good deal of attention by his Brandes, others were inclined to hold rather with Drach- sceptical investigation of psychical phenomena. F. Ronning mann. Of the authors who came forward during this period has written on the history of thought in Denmark. In of transition, the strongest has proved to be Henrik Pontop- the criticism of art, Julius Lange (1838—1896), and later pidan (6. 1857), in 1902 perhaps the first living novelist Karl Madsen, have done excellent service. In literary of Denmark. In some of his books he reminds the reader criticism that eminent master of thought and language of Tourgenieff. Pontoppidan published in 1898 the first Dr Georg Brandes (6. 1842) has been active and volume of a great novel entitled LyJcke-Per, the biography predominant throughout the whole of this period. His ot a typical Jutlander named Per Sidenius, a work to be influence on his age has been greater than that of any completed in eight volumes, of which four had appeared other Dane. Thor Lange (5. 1851) has been an excellent (e. g.) by 1901. Since 1893 no great features of a fresh kind critic and a useful translator. have revealed themselves. The Danish public, grown tired Denny and Dunipace, a police burgh (1876) of of realism, and satiated with pathological phenomena, have Stirlingshire, Scotland, formed of two towns on opposite returned to a study of their own national characteristics. sides of the river Carron, 25£ miles north-east of Glasgow The cultivation of verse, which was greatly discouraged in the by rail. The industries are iron-founding, paper-making, ’eighties, has returned. Drachmann, who is really a talent engineering, chemical manufacture, brick-making, and of immense force, has persisted, and he is now supported coal-mining. There is a cottage hospital and a public hall by excellent younger poets of his school. J. J. Jorgensen and library. The churches are Established, three United (6. 1866), a Catholic decadent, is one of these who have Free, and Roman Catholic. The Denny public school been very prolific. Otto C. Fonss (b. 1853) has published had an average attendance of 802 in 1898-99, Dunipace seven little volumes of graceful lyrical poems in praise of public school 176, and Denny Roman Catholic school 178. gardens and of farm-life. Andreas Dolleris (b. 1850), of Population (1881), 4081; (1901), 5158. Yejle, published the same number of books between 1879 Dentistry.—Dentistry is a special department of and 1901, and is an occasional poet of considerable merit. Alfred Ipsen (b. 1852) should also be mentioned as a poet medical science, embracing the structure, function, and and critic. Valdemar Rordam, whose The Danish Tongue therapeutics of the mouth and its contained was the lyrical success of 1901, must also be named. organs, together with their surgical and pros- sketchi Some attempts have been made to transplant the theories thetic treatment. As a distinct vocation it is of the symbolists to Denmark, but without signal success. first alluded to by Herodotus (500 b.c.). There are On the other hand, something of a revival of naturalism evidences that at an earlier date the Egyptians and Hinis to be observed in the powerful studies of low life doos attempted to replace lost teeth by attaching wood or admirably written by Karl Larsen (5. 1860), of which ivory substitutes to adjacent sound teeth by means of threads or wires, but the gold fillings reputed to have At Sixteen was published in 1901. The drama has long flourished in Denmark, and it has been found in the teeth of Egyptian mummies have upon not ceased to do so within the last quarter of a century. investigation been shown to be superficial applications of The principal theatres are liberally open to fresh dramatic gold leaf for ornamental purposes. The impetus given to talent of every kind, and the great fondness of the Danes medical study in the Grecian schools by the followers of for this form of entertainment gives unusual scope for iEsculapius and especially Hippocrates (500 to 400 b.c.) experiments in halls or private theatres; nothing is too developed among the practitioners of medicine and surgery eccentric to hope to obtain somewhere a fair hearing. considerable knowledge of dentistry. Galen (a.d. 131) Drachmann has produced with great success several taught that the teeth were true bones existing before birth, romantic dramas founded on the national legends. Most and to him is credited the belief that the upper canine of the novelists and poets already mentioned have essayed teeth receive branches from the nerve which supplies the the stage, and to those names should be added these of eye, and hence should be called “ eye-teeth.” Albucasis Ernst von der Recke (b. 1848) and Gustav Wied {b. 1858). (a.d. 10061) describes the operation by which artificial