Page:1902 Encyclopædia Britannica - Volume 27 - CHI-ELD.pdf/450

 DENISON — DENMARK on appeal the Court of Arches and the Privy Council and shipment of cotton. Population (1880), 3975 ; (1890), quashed this judgment on a technical plea. The result 10,958; (1900), 11,807, of whom 604 were foreign-born was to make Archdeacon Denison a keen champion of the and 2251 negroes. Denizll, chief town of a sanjak of the Aidin vilayet Ritualistic school. Until the end of his life he remained a protagonist in theological controversy and a keen fighter of Asia Minor, altitude 1167 ft. It is beautifully situated against latitudinarianism and liberalism; but the sharpest at the foot of Baba Dagh (Mt. Salbakus), on a tributary of religious or political differences never broke his personal the Churuk Szz (Lycus), and is connected by a branch line friendships and his Christian charity. Among other things with the Smyrna-Dineir Railway. It took the place of for which he will be remembered was his origination of Laodicea when that town was deserted during the wars between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks, probably Harvest Homes. He died 21st March 1896. between 1158 and 1174. It had become a large and Denison, a city of Grayson county, Texas, U.S.A., fine Moslem city in the 14th century, and was then called on the south bank of the Red river, at an altitude of Ladik. The delightful gardens of Denizli have obtained 723 feet. It is regularly laid out on a level site, and has for it the name of the Damascus of Anatolia. Population, four wards. It has three railways, the Houston and Texas 17,000 (Moslems, 14,500; Christians, 2500). See Ramsay. Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, vol. i. Oxford, Central, the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas, and the Texas and Pacific, and is an important point in the collection 1895.—Mukkay. Asia Minor Handbook. 1895.

408

DENMARK. western part, are so shallow that it offers no facility for navigation except to small craft. The Cattegat itself is full of sandbanks and difficult of navigation; in the winter it is often obstructed by drifting ice. From the Cattegat three passages lead to the Baltic, of which they form the outlet, namely, the Little Belt, the Great Belt, and the Sound (see Baltic Sea). South of Copenhagen the passage is narrowed by the islands of Amager and Saltholm; and the channels on both sides of these islands have in their shallowest parts only 23 feet of water, besides being difficult to navigate. On the west coast of Jutland the ordinary tides of the North Sea are experienced, but in the Cattegat the difference between high and low water gradually diminishes towards the south. In the Belts and in the Sound the changes become almost imperceptible, and are obscured by the effects of winds and currents. In the Baltic there are no tides. No hill in Denmark exceeds 550 feet in height. Gudenaa in Jutland, the largest river in Denmark, has a course of 80 miles. Small lakes abound, but there are none of considerable size. The surface in Denmark is almost everywhere formed by the so-called Boulder Clay and what the Danish geologists call the Boulder Sand. The former, as is well known, owes its . . origin to the action of ice on the mountains of Norway cb^ractet.. in the Glacial period. It is unstratified ; but by the }stics action of water on it, stratified deposits have been formed, some of clay, containing remains of arctic animals, some, and very extensive ones, of sand and gravel. This boulder sand forms almost everywhere the highest hills, and besides, in the central part of Jutland, a wide expanse of heath and moorland apparently level, but really sloping gently towards the west. The deposits of the boulder formation rest generally on limestone of the Cretaceous period, which in many places comes near the surface and forms cliffs on the seacoast, of which the most interesting is the “ Klint, ” on the island of Moen. But in the southwestern parts a succession of strata, described as the Brown Coal or Lignite formations, intervenes between the chalk and the boulder clay ; its name is derived from the deposits of lignite which occur in it. It is only on the island of Bornholm that older formations come to light. This island agrees in geological structure with the southern part of Sweden, and forms, in fact, the southernmost portion of the Scandinavian system. There the boulder clay lies immediately on the primitive rock, except in the south-western corner of the island, where a series of strata appear belonging to the Cambrian, Silurian, Jurassic,'and Cretaceous formations, the true Coal formation, &c., being absent. Some parts of Denmark are supposed to have been finally raised out of the sea towards the close of the Cretaceous period ; but as a whole the country did not appear above the water till about the close of the Glacial period. The upheaval of the country, a movement common to a large part of the Scandinavian peninsula, still continues, though slowly, north1 east of a line drawn in a south-easterly direction from Nissum“ Fiihnen” is German, not Danish. 2 This spelling of the English name is nearer to the Danish and less fjord on the west coast of Jutland, across the island of Fyen, a liable to misunderstanding than that of Zealand, which is properly little south of the town of Nyborg. Ancient seabeaches, marked by accumulations of seaweed, rolled stones, &c., have been noticed the name of a well-known island in Holland.

DENMARK, in the strictest geographical sense, comprises the northern portion of the Cimbric Peninsula called Jutland (Jylland) and the Danish Islands, which are situated mostly to the south-east of Jutland, between the southern part of the Cimbric Peninsula and the southern part of Sweden. Jutland lies between lat. 55° 16' and lat. 57° 45', whilst the islands are situated between lat. 54° 33' and lat. 56° 8'. The westernmost point of Jutland is in long. 8° 4' 54", the easternmost point of the islands (apart from Bornholm) is in long. 12° 47' 25". The last-named island is situated in the Baltic, 76 miles east of the rest of Denmark, but in the same latitude as the southernmost of the other islands. According to the latest measurements, the total area of Denmark proper is 14,829 square miles, of which 9753 square miles fall to the share of Jutland, including the small islands belonging to it. The islands together cover 5076 square miles, and may be divided into four groups : the westernmost group, of which Fyen1 is the largest, covers 1324 square miles; whilst Sealand 2 (Sjaelland), with some adjacent smaller islands, occupies 2856 square miles; Lolland and Falster, which are to the south of Sealand, and separated from each other only by a very narrow channel, cover 671 square miles; Bornholm, finally, has an area of 225 square miles. Denmark is almost entirely surrounded by the sea, as it is connected with the Continent only at the southern frontier of Jutland, in which place the width of the peninsula is only about 37 miles. The west and north-west coasts of Jutland, from Blaavandshuk to the Scaw, are destitute of harbours, and girt by sandbanks very dangerous to shipping. In many places the sea has encroached very considerably; even in the 19th century entire villages were destroyed, but during the last twenty years of the century systematic efforts were made to secure the coast by groynes and embankments. A belt of sand dunes, from 500 yards to 7 miles wide, stretches along the whole of this coast for about 200 miles. The east coast of Jutland is of quite a different description, a series of long fjords entering deep into the country from the Cattegat. The longest of these is the Limfjord, which reaches the western coast of Jutland, and since 1825 has been in communication with the North Sea, so that the northern portion of Jutland is really an island; but the waters of the Limfjord, particularly in the